Mangrove Ecology, Silviculture and ConservationSpringer Science & Business Media, 29 июн. 2013 г. - Всего страниц: 360 Mangroves are a fascinating group of plants that occur on tropical and subtropical shorelines of all continents, where they are exposed to saltwater inundation, low oxygen levels around their roots, high light and temperature conditions, and periodic tropical storms. Despite these harsh conditions, mangroves may form luxuriant forests which are of significant economic and environmental value throughout the world - they provide coastal protection and underpin fisheries and forestry operations, as well as a range of other human activities. This book provides an up-to-date account of mangrove plants from around the world, together with silvicultural and restoration techniques, and the management requirements of these communities to ensure their sustainability and conservation. |
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... tidal forests ' or ' mangrove forests ' . Where conditions are optimal , mangroves do indeed form extensive and productive forests ( fig . 1.1 ) . Where conditions are not optimal , however , dwarfed and scattered shrubs of mangroves ...
... tidal waters , ( 5 ) tidal range , ( 6 ) ocean currents and ( 7 ) shallow shores . These will be reviewed in turn . According to Walsh ( 1974 ) and Chapman ( 1975 , 1977 ) , extensive mangrove development occurs only when the average ...
... tidal currents ( Brinkman et al . 1997 , Mazda et al . 1997a , b ) , thereby influencing the rate of deposition and ... tidal range primarily influences the lateral extent of mangrove development . The greater the tidal range , the more ...
... tidal , freshwater areas . These include Bogor Botanic Gardens , Indonesia , with an altitude of around 265 m above sealevel ( fig . 1.4 ) . Clearly , tides play an important role in the functioning of mangrove communities although they ...
... tidal currents are likely to play major roles . Fig . 1.4 The mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris was planted in a non - tidal freshwater pond in the Bogor Botanic Gardens , Indonesia , in the late 1950s . It continues to survive , grow ...
Содержание
11 | |
19 | |
Adapting to the Mangrove Environment | 49 |
Physicochemical Factors and Mangrove Performance | 101 |
Biotic Interactions and Mangrove Performance | 147 |
Mangrove Structure and Classification | 183 |
The Value of Mangroves 207 | 206 |
Mangrove Silviculture and Restoration | 229 |
viii | 249 |
Conservation and Management of Mangroves | 271 |
References | 303 |
Index | 351 |