Mangrove Ecology, Silviculture and ConservationSpringer Science & Business Media, 29 июн. 2013 г. - Всего страниц: 360 Mangroves are a fascinating group of plants that occur on tropical and subtropical shorelines of all continents, where they are exposed to saltwater inundation, low oxygen levels around their roots, high light and temperature conditions, and periodic tropical storms. Despite these harsh conditions, mangroves may form luxuriant forests which are of significant economic and environmental value throughout the world - they provide coastal protection and underpin fisheries and forestry operations, as well as a range of other human activities. This book provides an up-to-date account of mangrove plants from around the world, together with silvicultural and restoration techniques, and the management requirements of these communities to ensure their sustainability and conservation. |
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... Temperatures 27 28 32 37 39 41 43 49 49 49 50 53 57 58 60 62 63 63 68 73 3.4 Root Aeration in Waterlogged Soils 75 3.4.1 Morphological Adaptations 75 3.4.2 Physiological Adaptations 81 3.4.3 Metabolic Adaptations 83 3.5 Surviving ...
... Temperature 101 4.2.1 Mangroves and Low Temperatures 4.2.2 Responses to High Temperatures 4.2.3 Inter- and Intra - specific Differences 4.3 Light and Photosynthesis 4.3.1 Photosynthetic Efficiency of Mangroves 102 103 104 105 105 4.3.2 ...
... temperature within a certain range , ( 2 ) muddy substrate , ( 3 ) protection from wave action , ( 4 ) access to tidal waters , ( 5 ) tidal range , ( 6 ) ocean currents and ( 7 ) shallow shores . These will be reviewed in turn ...
... temperature of currents , particularly their role in influencing the aridity of adjacent coasts , is undoubtedly of primary importance to mangrove distribution . Apart from the temperature of cold currents , their direction of flow also ...
... temperature and aridity . Table 2.2 Latitudinal limits of mangrove vegetation on major land masses . ( Adapted from Saenger 1998 ) Southern limit Continental land mass Northern limit Atlantic America 32 ° 20 ' 28 ° 56 ' Pacific America ...
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11 | |
19 | |
Adapting to the Mangrove Environment | 49 |
Physicochemical Factors and Mangrove Performance | 101 |
Biotic Interactions and Mangrove Performance | 147 |
Mangrove Structure and Classification | 183 |
The Value of Mangroves 207 | 206 |
Mangrove Silviculture and Restoration | 229 |
viii | 249 |
Conservation and Management of Mangroves | 271 |
References | 303 |
Index | 351 |