Mangrove Ecology, Silviculture and ConservationSpringer Science & Business Media, 29 июн. 2013 г. - Всего страниц: 360 Mangroves are a fascinating group of plants that occur on tropical and subtropical shorelines of all continents, where they are exposed to saltwater inundation, low oxygen levels around their roots, high light and temperature conditions, and periodic tropical storms. Despite these harsh conditions, mangroves may form luxuriant forests which are of significant economic and environmental value throughout the world - they provide coastal protection and underpin fisheries and forestry operations, as well as a range of other human activities. This book provides an up-to-date account of mangrove plants from around the world, together with silvicultural and restoration techniques, and the management requirements of these communities to ensure their sustainability and conservation. |
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... Propagule Production 3.5.3 Propagule Dispersal and Establishment 84 84 87 91 vi 4. Physico - chemical Factors and Mangrove Performance 101.
... Propagules collected from the Wild 243 8.3.2 Outplanting of up to One Year old Nursery - raised Propagules 244 8.3.3 Outplanting of small Seedlings after Nursery - raising 244 8.3.4 Direct Transplanting of Seedlings and Shrubs 244 8.3.5 ...
... propagules of mangrove species colonize intertidal areas and become established . Species interact among themselves and respond to environmental conditions , with the result that a characteristic grouping of species , termed a ...
... propagules and distribute them along coasts . Chapman ( 1975 ) noted that the southern limit of mangroves on the western coast of Africa coincides with the boundary between a southern cold - water upwelling and warm currents . He noted ...
... propagules . Many coastal currents are variable , with some even reversing direction from time to time , and most mangrove propagules have limited viability . This , in turn , suggests that oceanic dispersal may not be as significant as ...
Содержание
11 | |
19 | |
Adapting to the Mangrove Environment | 49 |
Physicochemical Factors and Mangrove Performance | 101 |
Biotic Interactions and Mangrove Performance | 147 |
Mangrove Structure and Classification | 183 |
The Value of Mangroves 207 | 206 |
Mangrove Silviculture and Restoration | 229 |
viii | 249 |
Conservation and Management of Mangroves | 271 |
References | 303 |
Index | 351 |