TABLE 9.-Immigration to the United States, 1820 to 1910—Continued.

PART 2: BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND BY SEX, FOR YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1869 TO 1910, INCLUSIVE-Continued.

Included under Austria-Hungary, German Empire, and Russian Empire.

e Not including natives of Poland who arrived 1899 to 1910 and were included under Austria-Hungary German Empire, and Russian Empire.

d Not including natives of Sweden who arrived 1820 to 1868 and were included under Norway.

SEX AND RACE OF IMMIGRANTS, 1899 TO 1910.

Since 1899 the Bureau of Immigration has compiled data relative to immigrants by race or people as well as by country of birth or origin. As explained elsewhere" this departure was necessitated by the fact that among immigrants from southern and eastern European countries, as well as from Canada and other sources of immigration, the country of birth does not afford a satisfactory clue to the actual racial or ethnical status of such immigrants. In the meantime data concerning immigrants have been recorded in greater detail, and recent statistics and discussions have more and more centered around the racial basis. A number of tables which follow summarize the statistics by race or people. The first table shows for each race or people the total number of immigrants of each sex coming to the United States during the period from 1899 to 1910.

TABLE 10.-Immigration to the United States, by sex and by race or people, during the fiscal years 1899 to 1910, inclusive.

[Compiled from reports of the United States Commissioner-General of Immigration.]

The statistics cover a period of twelve years. Of the immigrants coming during that time, 69.5 per cent were males and 30.5 per cent were females. Races with particularly high proportions of males are:

Among seven races the proportion of males is less than 60 per

During the twelve-year period, 2,550,054 of the_immigrants were of the races of older immigration, largely from Europe, and 58.7 per cent of these were males; 6,666,562 were of the races of recent immigration, largely from Europe, and 73.2 per cent of these were males; and 339,057 were of other races, and of these 77.6 per cent were males.

ILLITERACY, 1899 TO 1910.

More than one-fourth of the immigrants 14 years of age or over admitted into the United States during the past twelve years could neither read nor write. Immigrants when seeking admission to the United States are not tested as to their ability to read and write, and the data upon this point represent the statements of such immigrants in answer to the inquiries, "Can you read?" and "Can you write?" The assurance of the immigrant that he is able to read or write in some language or dialect is accepted as proof of literacy. Of course, data secured by this method are not absolutely conclusive, but as the inquiries quoted are simple in character, and as the immigrant's educational status in no way affects his right to admission, it may be assumed that the information obtained is substantially accurate.

The table which follows shows for each race or people the number and per cent of immigrants admitted into the United States who were 14 years of age or over, and the number and per cent of these who could neither read nor write.

TABLE 11.-Number and per cent of immigrants admitted to the United States who were 14 years of age or over and who could neither read nor write, during the fiscal years 1899 to 1910, inclusive, by race or people.

[Compiled from reports of the United States Commissioner-General of Immigration.]

During the twelve-year period from 1899 to 1910, 8,398,624 immigrants 14 years of age or over were admitted into the United States, and 2,238,801, or 26.7 per cent, of these could neither read nor write. The Portuguese had the greatest proportion of illiterates, 68.2 per cent, and the Scandinavians had the lowest proportion, 0.4 per cent. Several of the races show more than 40 per cent illiterate among persons 14 years of age or over admitted. These races are:

Almost an equal number of races had less than 5 per cent illiterate among persons 14 years of age or over, as follows:

The table which follows shows, by race or people, the number of immigrants reporting each specified occupation during the twelve years 1899 to 1910.

The United States Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization does not separate males and females in the occupation statistics.

TABLE 12.-Number of immigrants admitted to the United States reporting each specified occupation, fiscal years 1899 to 1910, inclusive, by race or people.

[Compiled from reports of the United States Commissioner-General of Immigration.]

a Details by occupation 5 less than total.

Details by race or people 2 less than total, and details by occupation 7 less than total.