ABSTRACT OF THE

STATISTICAL REVIEW OF IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES, 1820 TO 1910.

For the complete statistical review of immigration to the United States, 1820 to 1910, see Reports of the Immigration Commission, vol. 3.

51

CONTENTS.

Number of immigrants, 1820 to 1910
Immigration by sex, 1820 to 1910..
Country of origin, 1820 to 1910...

Sex and race of immigrants, 1899 to 1910..
Illiteracy, 1899 to 1910..

Occupation, 1899 to 1910..

Financial condition of immigrants, 1899 to 1910.

Immigrants who have been in the United States previously, 1899 to 1910..
Destination of immigrants in the United States, 1899 to 1910..
Aliens debarred at United States ports, 1892 to 1910..........
Aliens leaving the United States, 1908 to 1910....

LIST OF TABLES.

Table 1. Immigration to the United States, 1820 to 1910...

2. Immigration to the United States, 1820 to 1910, by decade..
3. Per cent distribution (approximate) immigration to the United
States, by sex, for years ending June 30, 1820 to 1867......
4. Immigration to the United States, by sex, for years ending June 30,
1868 to 1910..

5. Immigration to the United States, by sex, for periods specified,
1820 to 1910...

8. Immigration to the United States, by country of origin, during the
period 1820 to 1910....

9. Immigration to the United States, 1820 to 1910:

Part 1-By country of origin, 1820 to 1868, inclusive....

Part 2-By country of origin and by sex, for years ending June 30,
1869 to 1910, inclusive...
10. Immigration to the United States, by sex and by race or people, dur-
ing the fiscal years 1899 to 1910, inclusive....

11. Number and per cent of immigrants admitted to the United States
who were 14 years of age or over and who could neither read nor
write, during the fiscal years 1899 to 1910, inclusive, by race or
people...

12. Number of immigrants admitted to the United States reporting each
specified occupation, fiscal years 1899 to 1910, inclusive, by race
or people.

13. Per cent of immigrants admitted to the United States reporting each
specified occupation, fiscal years 1899 to 1910, inclusive, by race
or people.

14. Financial condition of immigrant aliens admitted to the United
States during the fiscal years 1899 to 1910, inclusive, by race or
people....

15. Number and per cent of immigrants admitted to the United States,
1899 to 1910, inclusive, who had been in the United States pre-
viously, by race or people

16. Destination reported by immigrants admitted to the United States

during the fiscal years 1899 to 1910, inclusive...
17. Destination of immigrants admitted to the United States, fiscal
years 1899 to 1910, inclusive, by race or people....

6. Immigration to the United States from northern and western Europe,
southern and eastern Europe, and other countries, 1820 to 1910.... 61-63
7. Immigration to the United States from northern and western Europe,
southern and eastern Europe, and other countries, 1820 to 1910,
by decade....

98

100

102

104

105

110

112

56

57

58

58,59

59

64

65

66-81

82-96

97

99

100

101

103

104

105

106-109

TABLE 18. Aliens debarred at all United States ports during the fiscal years
1892 to 1910, inclusive, by cause.

19. Emigrant aliens departed from the United States in fiscal years
1908, 1909, and 1910, by race or people..
20. Immigrant aliens admitted to the United States, emigrant aliens
departed, and number departed for every 100 admitted, fiscal
years 1908, 1909, and 1910, by race or people....
21. Emigrant aliens departed from the United States in fiscal years
1908, 1909, and 1910, by race or people, sex, and age.
22. Emigrant aliens departed, fiscal years 1908, 1909, and 1910, by race
or people and length of continuous residence in United States..
23. Number of emigrant aliens departed from the United States in
fiscal years 1908, 1909, and 1910, by race or people and by class
or occupation...

24. Per cent of emigrant aliens in each specified class or occupation
departed from the United States in fiscal years 1908, 1909, and
1910, by race or people..

Page.

111

112

113

115

116

117

118

STATISTICAL REVIEW OF IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES, 1820 TO 1910.

As a part of its complete report to Congress the Immigration Commission has undertaken to bring together all official statistics relative to the immigration movement during the ninety-one years specified. This abstract contains the more essential data shown in the complete report.

a

Statistics relative to immigration to the United States date from 1819, when the first United States law regulating the carriage of steerage passengers at sea was enacted. In addition to the requirements respecting the carriage of steerage passengers, the act of 1819 provided that the captain or master of any ship or vessel arriving in the United States from any foreign place should

deliver and report to the collector of the district in which such ship or vessel shall arrive, a list or manifest of all the passengers taken on board of the said ship or vessel at any foreign port or place; in which list or manifest it shall be the duty of the said master to designate, particularly, the age, sex, and occupation of said passengers, respectively, the country to which they severally belong, and that of which it is their intention to become inhabitants.

The law further provided that collectors of customs should return copies of such lists or manifests to the Secretary of State, quarter yearly, which official was directed to present statements of the same to Congress at each and every session.

The first report of the Secretary of State under the law closed with the end of the following fiscal year, September 30, 1820. In addition to the other data specified in the law, the first report contained the names of arriving passengers, but this practice was not continued.

Statistics of immigration were collected by the Department of State from 1820 to 1874, and by the Bureau of Statistics from 1867 to 1895. Since 1895 they have been gathered exclusively by the Commissioner-General of Immigration, whose bureau began the collection of these statistics several years prior to that date. The statistics therefore have been duplicated for a part of the period by the Bureau of Statistics and Department of State, and for a part by the Bureau of Statistics and the Commissioner-General of Immigration.

In 1903 the United States Bureau of Statistics published a monograph entitled "Immigration into the United States, Showing the Number, Nationality, Sex, Age, Occupation, Destination, etc., from 1820 to 1903." Undoubtedly this was the most complete and comprehensive statistical review of immigration in existence, and except

a See Statistical review of immigration to the United States, 1820-1910. Reports of the Immigration Commission, vol. 3. (S. Doc. No. 756, 61st Cong., 3d sess.) b See Vol. II, p. 590.