TABLE 90.-Per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work, by general nativity and race of individual-Continued.

TABLE 90.-Per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work, by general nativity and race of individual-Continued.

Upon examining the totals in the preceding table it is seen that a smaller proportion of children of native birth of both sexes are at home and at work and a larger percentage are at school than is the case with the children who are foreign-born. In a general way the races of older immigration exhibit practically the same tendencies, as compared with the southern and eastern European races, as do the total native-born as compared with the foreign-born.

A comparison of the tendencies exhibited by the principal races may be had from the table following, which shows, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of child, the number and percentage of children 6 and under 16 years of age in the households studied, at home, at school, and at work.

TABLE 91.-Number and per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of child.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more children born in the United States, and also 40 or more children born abroad. The native-born are shown for comparative purposes.]

Upon studying the tendencies of the several races it is seen that a larger proportion of Bohemian and Moravian children who were born abroad were at home and a smaller proportion at work and at school than of those who were born in the United States. On the other hand, the French Canadian children of foreign birth were more extensively employed than those of native birth, while the smaller proportion were at home and at school. No sharp differences are noticeable in the case of the Croatian children, only a slightly smaller proportion of those of foreign birth than of those of native birth being at home and at work, while a slightly larger proportion are at school. In the case of the English, German, North Italian, South Italian, Polish, and Scotch children a somewhat larger proportion of those born abroad were at work and at home, and a slightly smaller proportion at school, than of those born in this country. Of the French a slightly smaller proportion of children of foreign birth were at school, and a larger proportion at work, than of those of native birth. The Lithuanians show a smaller proportion of children of foreign birth at home and at school and a larger proportion at work, as compared with children of native birth. On the other hand, the Magyars exhibit a much larger proportion of children of foreign birth than of native birth at

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home, and a considerably larger proportion of native children of this race than of foreign-born were at school. A much larger percentage of Lithuanian children who were born abroad than of those born in the United States were at work.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

The extent to which members of non-English-speaking races are able to speak English affords one of the most important indications of the degree of their assimilation. In this connection the following table is submitted, which shows, by sex and race, the per cent of 246,673 employees of foreign birth who were able to speak English: TABLE 92.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex and race. (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

Of the total number of employees of foreign birth and of nonEnglish-speaking races in mines and manufacturing establishments, 53.2 per cent, or slightly more than one-half, were able to speak English. The smallest proportion with ability to speak English exhibited by any race is shown by the Herzegovinians, with a percentage of only 14.6. Less than one-fifth of the Cuban and Spanish

and slightly more than one-fifth of the Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Turkish races were able to speak the language. The other races which fall below the percentage of 53.2 for the total foreign-born were the Syrian, Slovenian, Servian, Ruthenian, Russian, Roumanian, Portuguese, Polish, Montenegrin, Magyar, Lithuanian, South Italian, Greek, Flemish, Finnish, and Croatian. Of the races of southern and eastern Europe, the highest percentages of English-speaking ability are exhibited by the Hebrews, Italians, and Slovaks. The French Canadians show a higher proportion of members who could speak English than any race from southern and eastern Europe. As regards the races from northern and western Europe, the Danes show 96.6 per cent, the Norwegians 96.5 per cent, the Swedes 94.7 per cent, the Germans 86.8 per cent, the Dutch 84.2 per cent, and the French 64.5 per cent, with ability to speak English. The females of practically all races, and especially those of southern and eastern Europe, show a smaller proportion than the males able to speak the English language. Of the total number of females, only 38.6 per cent, as contrasted with 55.6 per cent of the males, could speak English. This situation is due to the greater segregation of the females, as compared with the males, and their lack of contact with American life and institutions.

The following table shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the proportion of persons of non-English-speaking races in the households studied who were 6 years of age or over and who were able to speak English:

TABLE 93.-Per cent of persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however are for all non-English-speaking races,]