The table shows an average of 2.46 persons per sleeping room in the 17,141 households investigated, there being an average of 2.53 in the households the heads of which were foreign-born, 2.25 in those the heads of which were native-born negroes, 1.99 in those the heads of which were native-born of foreign father, and 1.84 in those the heads of which were native-born whites of native father. Among the foreign-born it is seen that in the Bulgarian, Mexican, Macedonian, Croatian, and Roumanian households the average number of persons per sleeping room is over 3, and in the households of each other race except the Armenian, Danish, English, French, Irish, Syrian, and Turkish, the average number is over 2; the average number in the households the heads of which were of the races excepted above is over 1. In the households the heads of which were native-born of foreign father, the average number of persons per sleeping room ranges from 2.57 in those the heads of which were native-born of Polish parentage, to 1.81 in those the heads of which were native-born of English parentage. That section of the table which gives the per cent of households having each specified number of persons per sleeping room shows 77 per cent of the 17,141 households as having 2 or more, 36.9 per cent as having 3 or more, 14.6 per cent as having 4 or more, 5.6 per cent as having 5 or more, and 2.2 per cent as having 6 or more persons per sleeping room. The households the heads of which were foreignborn show the largest proportion having each specified number of persons per sleeping room, except 5 or more and 6 or more, in which classes those the heads of which were native-born negroes show the largest proportions. The households the heads of which were nativeborn whites of native father show the smallest proportion in each classification except that of 4 or more persons per sleeping room, in which those the heads of which were native-born of foreign father show the smallest proportion. Of the households of the several foreign races, those the heads of which were Croatian, Finnish, Mexican, Russian, Slovak, or Slovenian are the only ones 5 per cent of which have 6 or more persons per sleeping room; less than 10 per cent of the households of each race except the Bulgarian, Croatian, Finnish, Mexican, Roumanian, and Slovak, have 5 or more persons. per sleeping room. The households the heads of which are of the races excepted in the foregoing statement are the only ones 25 per cent of which have 4 or more persons per sleeping room, and also, with the addition of those the heads of which are Magyar, Russian, or Ruthenian, the only ones 50 per cent of which have 3 or more persons per sleeping room. The proportions of households with 2 or more persons per sleeping room range from 97.6 per cent of those the heads of which are Mexicans, to 35 per cent of those the heads of which are Danish. The effect of crowding within the households upon the living and sleeping arrangements is exhibited in the table following, which shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms. TABLE 76.-Number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household. a Not computed, owing to small number involved. Not including 1 household not reporting number of sleeping rooms. c Not including 3 households not reporting number of sleeping rooms. A small proportion of the households the heads of which were foreign-born, as can be seen from the preceding table, use all rooms for sleeping purposes, this tendency being especially noticeable in the case of the Bulgarian households, 63.3 per cent of which use all rooms for sleeping purposes. Of the Ruthenian households 12.1 per cent, of the Slovenian 10.3 per cent, and of the Greek 16.4 per cent, sleep in all rooms. Of the total number of households the heads of which were foreign-born, 35.1 per cent use all except one room for sleeping quarters, this practice being much more prevalent among the households of southern and eastern Europeans than among those of the races from Great Britain and northern Europe. Of the total native-born, less than 1 per cent of the households use all rooms for sleeping purposes, and only 10.2 per cent sleep in all except one room. Practically the same situation exists among the households the heads of which were immigrants from Great Britain and northern Europe as that shown for the households the heads of which were of native birth. LITERACY. The table which is next presented, and which is based on information received for 500,329 employees, shows, by general nativity and race and by sex, the proportion who were able to read and the proportion who were able both to read and to write. TABLE 77.-Literacy of employees, by sex and general nativity and race. |