It is evident from a comparison of the totals in the foregoing table that the native-born heads of families have a higher range of annual earnings than those of foreign birth. The greater proportion of the former earn yearly between $400 and $800, while the greater proportion of the latter earn between $300 and $600. Of the heads of families who were white native-born of native father, or native Americans, 50.8 per cent earn between $500 and $800 per annum. In the lower ranges of annual earnings the heads of families who were born abroad exhibit a much greater proportion than those of native birth, while in the higher ranges of annual earnings the situation is reversed. Only 2.8 per cent of the foreign-born heads of families, as compared with 13 per cent of the total nativeborn and 14 per cent of those white of native birth and native father, have yearly earnings in excess of $1,000. On the other hand, only 12.2 per cent of all the native-born heads of families and 9.6 per cent of those white of native birth and native father, as contrasted with 34.1 per cent of the total number of foreign birth, earn under $400 each year. The races of old immigration from Great Britain and northern Europe also have a higher range of annual earnings than have those of recent immigration from southern and eastern Europe. This fact is illustrated by the following comparison, in which the heads of families of foreign birth are grouped according to the principal classifications of earnings: TABLE 53.—Old and new immigration compared with respect to annual earnings of foreign-born male heads of families, by race. ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALE WAGE-EARNERS IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED. The table which is submitted below shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the approximate annual earnings of males in the households studied who were 18 years of age or over. TABLE 54.- Yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) Number Number earning Per cent earning General nativity and race of individual. working for wages Average and re- earnings. Under Under Under Under Under Under Under Under $200. $400. $600. $1,000. $200. $400. $600. $1,000. porting amount. TABLE 54.- Yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual-Continued. General nativity and race of individual. Foreign-born-Cont'd. Number working for wages Average porting amount. and re- earnings. Under Under Under Under Under Under Under Under $200. $400. $600. $1,000. $200. $400. $600. $1,000. Macedonian.. 41.1 95.6 100.0 100.0 13.8 51.7 87.3 99.7 Mexican. 57 379 Norwegian. 28 872 75.0 Polish. Upon comparing the totals of the nativity groups, it is seen that the average annual earnings of the 22,938 foreign-born wage-earners 18 years of age or over in the households studied were only $455, as contrasted with average yearly earnings of $566 for the 2,059 industrial workers of native birth but of foreign father, and of $666 for the 1,454 native-born white wage-earners of native father. Only a small percentage of the last-named group were earning under $400 annually, while the greater proportion were earning between $600 and $1,000 per year. On the other hand, the greater number of wage-earners in all the industries studied, either of native birth and of foreign father or of foreign birth, were receiving as a result of their labor less than $600 per annum. It is a striking fact that of the total number of foreign-born wage-earners 77.9 per cent were receiving under $600 per year, and 43.5 per cent under $400. Only 1.9 per cent of the foreign-born earned more than $1,000 a year, as contrasted with 6.6 per cent of the native-born wage-earners of foreign father, and 11.4 per cent of the native-born white persons of native father, or native Americans. The differences in earning ability of the foreign-born wage-earners of past immigration from Great Britain and northern Europe and those of recent immigration from southern and eastern Europe are quickly apparent from the division according to general nativity next presented. TABLE 55.-Old and new immigration compared with respect to yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) NATIVE-BORN OF FOREIGN FATHER, BY RACE OF FATHER. ANNUAL EARNINGS OF FEMALE WAGE-EARNERS IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED. The table next submitted shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the approximate annual earnings of females in the households studied who were 18 years of age or over, and who were employed for wages: TABLE 56.— Yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual. General nativity and race of indi- for wages Average vidual. porting and re- earnings. Under Under Under Under Under Under $200. $300. $400. $200. $300. $400. 294 13 329 13 33 30 a Not computed, owing to small number involved. 72289°-VOL 1-11-27 |