ABSTRACT OF THE REPORT ON EMIGRATION CONDITIONS IN EUROPE. For the complete report on emigration conditions in Europe see Reports of the Immigration Commission, vol. 4. 161 TABLE 1. European immigration to the United States, fiscal years 1882 and 1907, by country. 167 2. European immigration to the United States, fiscal years 1882 and 167 3. European immigration (including Syrian) to the United States, fiscal 171 5. European immigration (including Syrian) to the United States, fiscal 171 172 172 174 8. Occupation of European immigrants (including Syrian) to the United 9. Number and per cent of illiterates 14 years of age and over among 12. Per cent of illiteracy in the population of specified European coun- 13. Money per capita shown on admission to the United States by Euro- 174 175 176 177 177 14. European immigrants (including Syrian) admitted to the United 178 180 TABLE 15. European immigrants (including Syrian) admitted to the United 16. European immigrants (including Syrian) admitted to the United 17. European immigrants (including Syrian) admitted to the United 18. European emigrant aliens (including Syrian) departing from the 19. Movement of third-class passengers between the United States and Page. 180 182 182 183 183 194 21. Number of intended emigrants rejected at ports or control stations 22. Number of persons carried and number and per cent debarred for 199 202 EMIGRATION CONDITIONS IN EUROPE. In the summer of 1907 Commissioners Dillingham (chairman), Latimer, Howell, Bennet, Burnett, and Wheeler visited Europe for the purpose of making a general survey of emigration causes and conditions in countries which are the chief sources of the immigration movement to the United States. The commissioners sailed from Boston May 18 for Naples and, with the exception of Mr. Wheeler, who conducted supplementary investigations for about two months, reached New York on the return voyage September 6. In the course of the inquiry the Commission, or individual commissioners, visited Italy, Austria, Hungary, Russia, Finland, Greece, Turkey in Europe and Turkey in Asia, Roumania, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, France, England, Ireland, and Scotland. The general plan followed by the Commission included a study of the natural and artificial causes of emigration, classes emigrating, and the character of emigrants, the attitude of various European governments toward emigration, the effects of emigration on various European countries, emigration control and the inspection of emigrants abroad, the emigration of criminals and other classes debarred by the United States law and the effect of that law on European immigration to this country. The capital of each country, the principal ports at which emigrants for the United States embark, and wherever feasible the chief emigrant-furnishing districts of southern and eastern Europe, were visited. Much of the available time was necessarily given to consultation with officials of the various countries included in the inquiry and with American diplomatic and consular officers and others acquainted with the emigration situation in Europe. In the course of the investigation the commissioners prepared memoranda covering all phases of the subject under consideration. When deemed necessary, formal hearings were resorted to; interviews were recorded, in detail or in substance; considerable carefully prepared information, including expressions of opinion by government officials and others, was secured; and a large quantity of governmental and other documents and exhibits was collected. This material was carefully considered in the preparation of this feature of the Commission's general report. In addition to the data secured by the Commission there was made available by the courtesy of the United States Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization a digest of unpublished reports by representatives of the bureau who visited Europe in 1906 to investigate various phases of the subject under consideration. Following the commissioners' visit to Italy, the Royal Italian Agricultural Commission investigated emigration conditions in Basilicata and Calabria, and the report resulting from this inquiry was placed |