As will be noted from the table which follows, the number of immigrants debarred as paupers or persons likely to become public charges is larger than for any other class, and in the fiscal year 1910 it reached the large total of 15,918. The somewhat remarkable fluctuation in the number debarred for this cause is largely due to administrative interpretation of the law.

The following table shows the number and cause of debarments at all United States ports during the period July 1, 1891-June 30, 1910:

TABLE 18.-Aliens debarred at all United States ports during the fiscal years 1892 to

1910, inclusive, by cause.

[Compiled from reports of the United States Commissioner-General of Immigration.]

ALIENS LEAVING THE UNITED STATES, 1908 TO 1910.

The immigration law of February 20, 1907, provided that after July 1 of that year certain data respecting aliens leaving the United States should be recorded." Previous to that time no official record of the outward movement of aliens was kept, and consequently few data are available. It is known, however, that for a considerable period of years the outward movement, or emigration of aliens, has been approximately one-third as great as the immigration movement to this country. The records of the Trans-Atlantic Passenger Association for the period 1899-1910 show that during that time 37 steerage passengers were carried from United States ports to European ports for every 100 such passengers brought from Europe to the United States. Similar data from other sources show substantially the same result.

The movement from the United States during the three fiscal years ending June 30, 1910, is shown by the following table:

TABLE 19.-Emigrant aliens departed from the United States in fiscal years 1908, 1909, and 1910, by race or people.

[Compiled from reports of the United States Commissioner-General of Immigration.]

The number of aliens (823,311) departing from the United States in the three years considered in the preceding table is larger than the total immigration to the United States in any year previous to 1903, considerably exceeds the total number of immigrants admitted to the country from 1820 to 1840, and approximates the combined population of the States of Delaware, Idaho, Nevada, Vermont, and Wyoming, according to the census of 1900. The exodus in the fiscal year 1908 followed the financial depression of the fall and winter of 1907-8 and to a considerable degree was abnormal, but the exodus of 1909 and 1910 was more nearly normal.

IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION CONTRASTED.

In the following table is shown, by race or people, the number of emigrant aliens leaving the United States for every 100 immigrant aliens admitted, during the fiscal years 1908 to 1910, inclusive:

TABLE 20.-Immigrant aliens admitted to the United States, emigrant aliens departed, and number departed for every 100 admitted, fiscal years 1908, 1909, and 1910, by race or people.

[Compiled from reports of the United States Commissioner-General of Immigration.]

It will be noted from the preceding table that in the case of several races the number of persons leaving the country during the three years considered was more than one-half as great as the number admitted to the United States. These races are as follows: Korean, Chinese, Turkish, Magyar, North Italian, Japanese, Slovak, Croatian and Slovenian, and South Italian.

Among the races showing relatively a small number of emigrants are the following: Irish, East Indian, Hebrew, Welsh, Scotch, Armenian, Bohemian and Moravian, Dutch and Flemish, English, Ruthenian, Portuguese, Lithuanian, and Scandinavian.

SEX, AGE, PERIOD OF RESIDENCE, AND OCCUPATION OF EMIGRANT ALIENS.

In the series of tables which follows are presented statistical data, compiled from reports of the United States Commissioner-General of Immigration, respecting the sex and age, length of continuous residence in the United States, and the occupations, of aliens leaving the United States during the fiscal years 1908 to 1910, inclusive.

It will be noted from Table 20 that the outward movement is very largely one of males, and that 85.6 per cent of the emigrants are from 14 to 44 years of age, while only 4.7 per cent are children under 14 years old. These data show conclusively that the movement is essentially one of individuals rather than families, and that the individuals are for the most part of the working age.

That the alien emigration movement from the United States during the three years considered was composed for the most part of recent immigrants is clearly shown by Table 21. More than 81 per cent of the total number leaving the country and reporting length of residence had been here not over five years, while 96.2 per cent had resided here not over ten years.

The occupational status was reported for 759,560 of 823,311 aliens who left the United States during the three years under consideration. As indicated by Table 22, 32,517 emigrant aliens left the United States via Canada, and concerning these and 31,234 others who left by United States ports, no information respecting occupations is available. Data relating to departing aliens are recorded by the steamship companies and by them reported to the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization. It is not entirely clear whether the occupations reported represent those followed by the aliens in the United States, but it is presumed that such is the case. In this connection it is interesting to compare the occupational status of outgoing aliens with that of immigrants admitted to the United States, as shown by the tables on pages 100 and 101 of this volume.

It will be noted from Table 23 that common laborers predominate among the outgoing aliens, 64.2 per cent of the total number reporting occupation being of that class. Persons in skilled occupations rank second among those having an occupational status, and servants are third in number. Considering the fact that a large proportion of all immigrants admitted to the United States are farm laborers, the number rated as such among outgoing aliens is remarkably small. While this may be due in small part to a greater tendency toward permanency of residence among immigrants who go to the farms, it no doubt is accounted for chiefly by the fact that most aliens rated as farm laborers when they come to the United States engage in other pursuits in this country.

a See tables on pp. 100 and 101.