Application for copyright and deposit of two copies One addi tional copy to be deposited ARTICLE 4 In order to obtain the recognition of the copyright of a work, it is indispensable that the author or his assigns or legitimate representative, shall address a petition to the official department which each Government may designate, claiming the recognition of such right, which petition must be accompanied by two copies of his work, said copies to remain in the proper department. If the author or his assigns should desire that this copyright be recognized in any other of the signatory countries, he shall attach to his petition a number of copies of his work equal to that of the countries he may therein designate. The said department shall distribute the copies mentioned among those countries, accompanied by a copy of of registra- the respective certificate, in order that the copyright of the author may be recognized by them. for each country Copies and certificates tion to be transmitted Authors shall enjoy rights secured in country of origin for like term Works in parts or in Any omissions which the said department may incur in this respect shall not give the author or his assigns any rights to present claims against the State. ARTICLE 5 The authors who belong to one of the signatory countries, or their assigns, shall enjoy in the other countries the rights which their respective laws at present grant, or in the future may grant, to their own citizens, but such right shall not exceed the term of protection granted in the country of its origin. For the works composed of several volumes which are not published at the same time, as well as for bulletins or several vol- installments of publications of literary or scientific societies or of private parties, the term of property shall commence to be counted from the date of the publication of each volume, bulletin, or installment. umes ARTICLE 6 Country of The country in which a work is first published shall be first publica- considered as the country of its origin, or, if such publication country tion takes place simultaneously in several of the signatory countries, the one whose laws establish the shortest period of origin of protection shall be considered as the country of its origin. ARTICLE 7 Lawful translations shall be protected in the same man- Translations ner as original works. The translators of works in regard protected to which there exists no guaranteed right of property, or the right of which may have become extinguished, may secure the right of property for their translations, as established in Article 3, but they shall not prevent the publication of other translations of the same work. ARTICLE 8 Newspaper articles may be reproduced, but the publica- Newspaper tion from which they are taken must be mentioned, and articles the name of the author given, if it should appear in the same. ARTICLE 9 Copyright shall be recognized in favor of the persons Works bearwhose names or acknowledged pseudonyms are stated in ing names of the respective literary or artistic work or in the petition to authors or which Article 4 of this Convention refers, excepting case of pseudonyms proof to the contrary. ARTICLE IO protected Addresses delivered or read in deliberative assemblies, Addresses before the courts of justice, and in public meetings may be published in the newspaper press without any special authorization. ARTICLE II The reproduction in publications devoted to public in- Fragments struction or chrestomathy of fragments of literary or artis- of literary tic works confers no right of property, and may therefore or artistic be freely made in all the signatory countries. ARTICLE 12 works All unauthorized indirect use of a literary or artistic work Infringewhich does not present the character of an original work ment defined shall be considered as an unlawful reproduction. Fraudulent copies to be sequestrated, etc. Each Gov ernment to exercise supervision Convention three months after ratification It shall be considered in the same manner unlawful to reproduce in any form an entire work, or the greater part of the same, accompanied by notes or commentaries, under the pretext of literary criticism or of enlargement or completement of an original work. ARTICLE 13 All fraudulent works shall be liable to sequestration in the signatory countries in which the original work may have the right of legal protection, without prejudice to the indemnity or punishments to which the falsifiers may be liable according to the laws of the country in which the fraud has been committed. ARTICLE 14 Each one of the Governments of the signatory countries shall remain at liberty to permit, exercise vigilance over, or prohibit the circulation, representation and exposition of any work or production in respect to which the competent authorities shall have power to exercise such right. ARTICLE 15 The present Convention shall take effect between the to take effect signatory States that ratify it, three months from the day they communicate their ratification to the Mexican Government, and shall remain in force among all of them until one year from the date it is denounced by any of said States. The notification of such denouncement shall be addressed to the Mexican Government and shall only have effect in so far as regards the country which has given it. Adherence of nations not represented at 2d Int. Am. Conference ARTICLE 16 The Governments of the signatory states, when approving the present Convention, shall declare whether they accept the adherence to the same by the nations which have had no representation in the Second International American Conference. In testimony whereof the Plenipotentiaries and Dele gates sign the present Convention and set thereto the seal of the Second International American Conference. 27, 1902 Made in the City of Mexico, on the twenty-seventh day Signed at of January, nineteen hundred and two, in three copies writ- City of ten in Spanish, English, and French, respectively, which Mexico, Jan. shall be deposited at the Department of Foreign Relations of the Government of the Mexican United States, so that certified copies thereof may be made, in order to send them through the diplomatic channel to the signatory States. Patents, trademarks, copyrights Union; Rio de Janeiro 13. RIO DE JANEIRO CONVENTION, 1906 CONVENTION, SIGNED AT RIO DE JANEIRO, AUGUST 23 ARTICLE I The subscribing nations adopt in regard to patents of invention, drawings and industrial models, trade-marks, and literary and artistic property the treaties subscribed at the Second International Conference of American States, beli in Mexico on the 27th of January, 1902, with such modiócations as are expressed in the present Convention. ARTICLE 2 A union is constituted of the nations of America, Bureaus at which will be rendered effective by means of two Bureaus, Havana and which will be maintained, one in the city of Havana and the other in that of Rio de Janeiro, each working closely with the other, to be styled Bureaus of the International American Union for the Protection of Intellectual and Industrial Property, and will have for their object the centralization of the registration of literary and artistic works, patents, trade-marks, drawings, models, etc., which will be registered, in each one of the signatory nations, according to the respective treaties and with a view to their validity and recognition by the others. Registration optional Bureau at This international registration is entirely optional with persons interested, since they are free to apply, personally or through an attorney-in-fact, for registration in each one of the States in which they seek protection. ARTICLE 3 The Bureau established in the city of Havana will have charge of the registrations from the United States of |