history and newspapers won't print it. The eloquent Senator from Massachusetts knows as a newspaperman that that is the fact, so it is important to have that false impression removed at the time the list of these people is given out to the press.

Senator LODGE. I also know that there are none of us here in this committee who have the information at hand to correct any misstatements that the witness may make.

Senator GREEN. The witness has given it to us to be given to the public.

Senator TYDINGS. Now that the Chair is overruled, all documents that are submitted will be read in full hereafter so that the people of the country may get all the evidence at the time.

Senator LODGE. That is perfectly all right with me. I have no objection to the documents that the witness puts in being read in full. What I object to is this constant interruption and hacking away at him all the time so he does not get a chance to make his argument.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. Just to clear up a statement of the chairman, the Senator from Wisconsin just submitted the Official Register of the United States, 1949, containing on page 490 the name of Dorothy Kenyon, Commission on the Status of Women, New York; salary and compensation, $12,000 a year. Does the chairman intend to read the entire Official Register of the United States every time the Senator from Wisconsin wants to produce a name or something to prove a specific point?

Senator TYDINGS. I will read into the record the names of all the people on this Commission. I do not see any need to go and put all the consuls from Shanghai to Singapore on the one hand, and Iceland to some other place, in the record.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. But, Mr. Chairman, the witness only introduced that to indicate a position of employment of a particular individual.

Senator TYDINGS. That's right.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. The other names are not involved one way or another, other than the allegation that she was employed by the State Department.

Senator TYDINGS. And there is no allegation here that this is a Communist-front organization, but there was an allegation in the other case that that was a Communist-front organization, and therefore we ought to see who is in it, which is an entirely different matter. Senator HICKENLOOPER. I just want to know whether the chairman is going to read the entire Register.

Senator TYDINGS. I would also draw the observation that the gentlemen on the right of me are now consuming more time than are the gentlemen on the left.

Senator LODGE. I deny that. I would like to have my comments drawn up against those of the chairman, and we will find out.

Senator TYDINGS. You should not complain and then adopt the very thing you are complaining about.

Senator LODGE. I am not doing that. No, I am not doing that. Senator MCCARTHY. Mr. Chairman, I think as I give the documents showing the Communist-front organizations that this individual has belonged to, you will find in almost rather a sizable number the names of some fine individuals. I think that it is possible that you yourself may be duped into joining, or having your name used on some Com

munist-front organization. The reason I submit the vast number is that it is impossible for any normal individual, of normal intelligence, to be so deceived that they can act as sponsors for 28 different Communist-front organizations. I might say that I personally would not be caught dead belonging to any one of the 28.

Senator TYDINGS. That is opinion, Senator. We would like to have the evidence and the facts, and we can judge more from them than we can from opinions. We will have to form the opinions.

Senator LODGE. Surely the Senator can express opinions.

Senator TYDINGS. If we are going to condemn people on opinion evidence, there won't be many people left in the end.

Senator LODGE. If we are going to prevent the Senator from expressing opinions, the character of this whole body is going to change. Senator MCCARTHY. I thank the Senator.

I might say that one of the grounds for dismissal of an employee who has top-secret clearance is his associations. As the Senator knows, if he is a banker and he is looking for a cashier and he finds that Mr. Smith chums with safecrackers, bookies, gamblers, cheats, and rogues, he won't hire Mr. Smith as a cashier, and that is the theory that I assume our State Department goes upon. If they find these individuals with unusual connections, a long trend, they can assume that they are unsafe risks. The Secretary has so stated, I believe.

In sponsoring the Red Dean of Canterbury's appearance in the United States a year and a half ago Miss Kenyon collaborated with such pro-Communists as Ben Gold, the avowed Communist leader of the Fur Workers Union, and Paul Robeson.

Here we have the singular situation of the Department of State refusing to admit one of the world's most prominent radical Communist churchmen and on the other hand one of the Department's prominent officials welcoming and sponsoring him to this country.

It would seem, Mr. Chairman, as though perhaps the State Department's left hand does not know what the other hand is doing; or perhaps put it the other way around. The right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.

I should now like to hand the committee exhibit 3. This is a cordial invitation to attend a dinner and presentation of the first annual award of the American Russian Institute to President Franklin Roosevelt for "Furthering American-Soviet Relations."

The event occurred on May 7, 1946, at 6:30 o'clock in the evening in the grand ball room of the Pennsylvania Hotel in New York City. The dinner cost $7.50 a plate.

The American Russian Institute has been cited as subversive by the House Un-American Activities Committee, California Un-American Activities Committee, and the Attorney General.

Senator MCMAHON. On what date, Senator?

Senator MCCARTHY. What date were they cited?
Senator MCMAHON. Yes.

Senator MCCARTHY. I do not have the dates of the citation. I think the Senator will recall as well as I do the date the Attorney General put out his list.

Senator TYDINGS. Was this before or after the Attorney General put out his list?

Senator MCMAHON. That is quite material. You see Senator Lodge, this is a perfect illustration of the value of a question at the proper time to clear up a statement of fact. Here is a dinner which is held under date of May 7, 1946, in New York City. The Senator proceeds to say that the organization that sponsored it was cited as subversive by the House Un-American Activities Committee, the California UnAmerican Activities Committee, and the Attorney General. Now, it is quite conceivable that a person would have been a sponsor on May 7, 1946, and have refused to have been a sponsor a year or a year and a half later, after the American Russian Institute had been denominated as being subversive. There is a perfect illustration of the value of questioning any witness, whether he be a Senator or anybody else, in order to try to convey what the truth of the matter is.

I think it is regrettable, Senator, that you have not that information with you at the present time. I shall secure it and put it in the record. Senator TYDINGS. I am sure the Senator from Wisconsin sees the wisdom of what the Senator from Connecticut has so pertinently brought out-the great difference that there might be in a case like this, of an innocent person joining what he thought was a worth-while organization or movement or occasion or ceremony on the one hand, thinking there was nothing subversive about it, and who learns later that it is denominated as a subversive organization.

Now, certainly, don't we owe it to these people whose names we are throwing about the country, on the radio and in the press and in magazines and in the newspapers, to at least give them, those who have acted in good faith and with purely patriotic motives, the right to have the testimony surrounded by facts before it is given, so that we do not do infinite harm to people who, I am sure the Senator himself in some cases would say, are not Communists?

Senator LODGE. Before the witness answer that, my able friend from Connecticut addressed me. I do not agree with him at all that this is an example of why it is a good thing to interrupt the witness. It is perfectly possible to make a note of the fact that he did not mention the date and later on bring it out. In fact, I think that is a more effective way to do it. These questions of dates, I noted that myself and I made a note of it to ask the Senator from Wisconsin later, when my turn came to ask questions.

All I want to do is not to break the continuity of the argument. Then let him make the argument, and those who want to try to tear the argument down will have a chance to do it.

Senator TYDINGS. Let me say I thought I was speaking for every member of the committee when I said that I hoped we could conduct this investigation so that it would not be labeled either a witch hunt or a whitewash. In order to do that, if we are going to live up to that formula, it seems to me, if we allow a lot of statements to go in the record that are subject to instantaneous false impressions and conclusions, that we may not have intended to conduct a witch hunt but we are getting pretty close over on the other barrier.

I have no desire to shut off any testimony that the Senator from Wisconsin has, but I would caution him that when he makes a statement he ought to be able to supply the dates so that false impressions and false conclusions cannot be drawn from his testimony, which, even though we corrected it later, might not reach the press and the

radio, and I simply say that that is just justice, nothing more than simple justice.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. Mr. Chairman, I can say right now that the proceedings as far as they have gone this morning, if the proceedings as patterned this morning are to continue throughout this investigation, it is heading for a label of some kind, and I may have to name it. Senator TYDINGS. I agree with you thoroughly, and I could name it too.

Senator MCCARTHY. The Chair just stated that he thought these names should not be all bandied about the country. I have pointed out to the Chair, and I believe this was pointed out by the Attorney General, that in almost any one of these organizaitons labeled subversive you will find from time to time competent people's names listed. You will not find one individual belonging to 25 or 30.

Senator TYDINGS. That is drawing a conclusion, Senator.

Senator MCCARTHY. When the Senator says we shall not put all these names out to the country, it is the Senator who is reading them. I am merely reading the name of this individual who belongs to 28 organizations that have been listed as subversive by the Attorney General, by the House committee, and other official bodies. Let us make it clear that you are referring to all of these names going out. I am not putting those names out; that is the chairman.

Along with the lady sponsoring this dinner appeared Lee Pressman, who has been named as a member of the Communist underground cell in the Government by Whitaker Chambers. Other well-known Communists sponsoring the event were Howard Fast, Saul Mills, Ella Winter, John Howard Lawson, and Langston Hughes.

Senator GREEN. There, I think that is a selected list that you have made up, is it not?

Senator MCCARTHY. The present executive director of this subversive organization is Henry H. Collins, late of the State Department, who has been named by Whitaker Chambers as a member of the Communist spy ring operating in the Federal Government.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. Didn't you skip a paragraph?
Senator McCARTHY. No.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. I have another paragraph, following the list of names the Senator read in. I don't know whether the Senator intended to leave the paragraph out or not, or whether I have an accurate coру.

Senator MCCARTHY. I beg your pardon. The Senator from Rhode Island interrupted, and I lost my place.

Other well-known Communists sponsoring the event were Howard Fast, Saul Mills, Ella Winter, John Howard Lawson, and Langston Hughes.

Although I shall discuss the unusual affinity of Mr. Phillip C. Jessup, of the State Department, for Communist causes later in this inquiry, I think it pertinent to note that this gentleman now formulating top-flight policy in the Far East affecting half the civilized world was also a sponsor of the American Russian Institute.

The present executive director of this subversive organization is Henry H. Collins, late of the State Department, who has been named by Whitaker Chambers as a member of the Communist spy ring operating in the Federal Government. It was in the home of Mr. Collins,

according to Chambers, that some of the microfilms of secret State Department documents were made. Collins was also one of those who refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee as to whether or not he was a Communist Party member.

The Conference on Pan American Democracy has been declared to be a subversive Communist organization by the Attorney General of the United States, the House Un-American Activities Committee, and the California Un-American Activities Committee.

Senator TYDINGS. Senator McCarthy, would you put in the dates there, if you have them?

Senator MCCARTHY. I think much of the material the Chair wants will have to be developed by the committee. I just cannot afford to hire the investigators to present a court case to the committee.

Senator TYDINGS. I thought you might have it and it would save us work; that is all.

Senator MCCARTHY. I would rather the committee saved me some work.

Senator TYDINGS. You are making charges

Senator MCCARTHY. I am not making charges. I am giving the committee information of individuals who appear to all the rules of common sense as being very bad security risks. I am giving the committee information which I think they are bound to follow under the Senate mandate.

Senator TYDINGS. Let me follow you there.

Senator MCCARTHY. Let me finish, Mr. Chairman. Let's have an agreement. When you ask a question, let me finish my answer, will you?

The Senate unanimously gave this committee a mandate. I think that mandate is to develop any information which on its face makes it appear that the individual concerned is a bad security risk. And I frankly do not-let's make this clear-have the staff to take each of the cases and develop it to the point of making a court case. You understand that.

Senator TYDINGS. You have left the committee in a rather embarrassing position, because the resolution which brings us here and which brings you here reads as follows:

In the conduct of this study and investigation, the committee is directed to procure by subpena and examine the complete loyalty and employment files and records of all Government employees in the Department of State and other such agencies against whom charges have been heard.

Without somebody makes a charge, or you call it a charge, what do we do then? How do we get the records? We are only authorized to get them, by the Senate language, if you or somebody makes a charge. You say you are not making any charge. We are in a pretty small position to issue a subpena.

Senator MCCARTHY. Senator, let me say this. If there is anything you want me to do to make it possible for you to get those subpenas, I will do it. I am not in a position to file any formal charges. What you mean by a charge I do not know. If you want me to charge that from the evidence it appears that this woman is an extremely bad security risk, that she should not be in the State Department 1 hour, I will be glad to say that. If you tell me what you mean by a charge, what you want me to do so that you will under this