The Role and Record of the International Court of JusticeMartinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989. gada 16. nov. - 443 lappuses Since its birth with the creation of the international Red Cross in 1863, international humanitarian assistance has developed considerably since World War II. In accordance with the Red Cross principle of humanity, it aims at preventing & alleviating human suffering wherever it may be found, protecting life & health & ensuring respect for the human being. International humanitarian assistance involves a complex network of government agencies, intergovernmental & non-governmental organizations, & individual volunteers: it has been labelled a 'non-system'. While governments & intergovernmental organizations play a dominant & structured role in this field, the non-governmental organizations & their volunteers have proved to be their necessary operational partners, providing material, medical & moral relief & care wherever it may be needed, beyond borders, at the grassroots level. Following a brief review of recent humanitarian activities of intergovernmental organizations, & an analysis of current trends of voluntarism, this book focuses on the role, status & attitudes of the major humanitarian non-governmental organizations, including the Red Cross organizations, the British charities, Church-related agencies, medical volunteers (such as the 'French Doctors') & U.N. volunteers. Should humanitarian non-governmental organizations provide relief assistance with the Red Cross concern for discretion, neutrality & impartiality? Or should they bear witness & denounce publicly human rights violations, at the risk of being expelled from recipient countries & having to stop their assistance? The controversial claim of a 'right' to receive & a 'duty' to provide humanitarian assistance beyond borders is also addressed, as well as the possible need for a status to be accorded to international volunteers. |
Saturs
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
12 | 48 |
INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND THE COURT | 83 |
Pending Disputes and the Appointment of Judges Ad | 94 |
B The Use of the Court to State the Law but not to Settle a Dispute | 101 |
iii Elettronica Sicula S p A ELSI | 111 |
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW | 137 |
THE COURTS INTEGRITY AND | 173 |
Some Constructive Suggestions | 261 |
273 | |
LIST OF CASES CITED | 275 |
STATEMENTS CONCERNING THE COURT BY ITS PRESI | 287 |
Address of President Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan at the special | 297 |
Speech of President T O Elias welcoming the President of the French | 309 |
Address of President Nagendra Singh at a special sitting of the Court | 318 |
Speeches on ceremonial occasions during the Presidency of Judge | 326 |
CONCLUSION THE COURTS ACHIEVEMENTS | 213 |
23 | 244 |
Relevant Information about the Court and its Functioning | 345 |
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accepted adjudication Administrative Tribunal advisory opinion application arbitration Article 36 aspect Assembly Barcelona Traction Cameroons Chamber claim compulsory jurisdiction concerning conclusion constitute contentious context Convention Court of International Court of Justice customary law decide decision declaration delimitation equity existence fact Fisheries Jurisdiction Frontier Dispute function Government Gulf of Maine I.C.J. Reports Ibid interests international community International Court International Justice international law international organizations interpretation judge ad hoc Judgment judicial settlement jurists League of Nations Malta maritime matter Members Military and Paramilitary Muhammad Zafrulla Khan Nagendra Singh Namibia negotiations Nicaragua North Sea Continental Nuclear Tests obligation optional clause paragraph Paramilitary Activities particular parties Permanent Court present President principle procedure proceedings referred relation relevant request resolution respect role Sea Continental Shelf Secretary-General Security Council settlement of disputes South West Africa Special Agreement Statute submitted territory treaty United Kingdom United Nations Charter vote Western Sahara