TABLE 49.-Persons for whom detailed information was secured, by sex, general nativity,

and race of individual.

Of 3,680 persons for whom detailed information was secured, the preceding table shows that 1,845 are males and 1,835 female. Of the males 46.8 per cent are foreign-born, 39 per cent native-born of foreign father, and 14.1 per cent native-born of native father. Practically the same proportion of females, as of males, are of each nativity group. Of the total number of foreign-born, the French Canadian and Polish show the largest proportion of both males and females— each other race, except the English, showing less than 5 per cent, as regards the males, and no other race showing as high as 5 per cent, as regards the females. Of the total native-born of foreign father, those whose fathers are Irish show the largest proportion of both males and females.

CHAPTER II.

RACIAL DISPLACEMENTS.

Period of residence in the United States of members of immigrant households studied [Text Table 50 and General Table 59].

PERIOD OF RESIDENCE IN THE UNITED STATES OF MEMBERS OF IMMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The character of recent and past immigration to Community A is indicated by the table next submitted, which shows, by race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons in the households studied who had been in the United States each specified number of years. Length of residence in this country and in the community are not necessarily the same, but they approximate each other sufficiently close to indicate the racial movements to the community.

TABLE 50.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 20 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 1,734 foreign-born persons, the preceding table shows that 31.1 per cent have been in the United States under five years; 53.2 per cent under ten years; and 78.5 per cent under twenty years-leaving 21.5 per cent who have had a period of residence of twenty years or more. Only 4.8 per cent of the Germans and 9 per cent of the Irish, as compared with over 25 per cent of each other given race, and almost 50 per cent of the Poles, have been in the United States under five years, while only 41.4 per cent of the Irish, as compared with slightly over 50 per cent of the English and German, over 85 per cent of the French Canadian or Hebrew, and over 90 per cent of each other given race, have been in the United States under twenty years.

CHAPTER III.

ECONOMIC STATUS.

Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied-General occupation of males at the present time in the households studied-General occupation of women at the present time in the households studied—Occupations of the first and second generation compared-Annual earnings of male heads of families studied—Annual earnings of males 18 years of age or over in the households studied— Annual earnings of females 18 years of age or over in the households studied-Annual family income-Wives at work-Relation between the earnings of husbands and the practice of wives in keeping boarders or lodgers-Sources of family incomeRelative importance of different sources of family income-[Text Tables 51 to 69 and General Tables 60 to 69].

INDUSTRIAL CONDITION ABROAD OF MEMBERS OF IMMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

Before entering upon a discussion of the economic status in this country of employees and members of their households in Community A, the industrial condition and principal occupations of immigrant workers and members of their households while abroad are considered. The first table presented in this connection, which immediately follows, shows, by race of individual, the industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at the time of coming to this country.

TABLE 51.—Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 587 males from whom information was secured the larger proportion were working for wages before coming to the United States, and 31.2 per cent were working without wages, while comparatively small percentages were working for profit or were without occupation. Of the different races more than 50 per cent of all, except the Irish and Polish, were working for wages, while a larger proportion of

the Irish than of any other race were without occupations. The Polish, closely followed by the Irish, show larger percentages working without wages. None of the English, Germans, or Hebrews were working for profit, and only a small proportion of the other races, except the French Canadians, were so engaged.

The table next submitted shows, by race of individual, the occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males in the households studied, who were 16 years of age or over at time of arrival.

TABLE 52.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

From information secured from 587 foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at the time of coming to the United States a larger proportion of those who were working for wages were employed; as farm laborers than in any other occupation, while somewhat less proportions were factory operatives and in hand trades, and less than 3 per cent were either general or mine laborers. On the other hand, the larger proportion of those working without wages and of those working for profit were farm laborers and farmers, respectively.

Of the different foreign-born races the larger proportion of the German and English were factory operatives, and a larger proportion of the Hebrews were in hand trades, while of the Irish and Poles, the largest proportions in any single occupation were working without wages on farms. The larger proportion of the Slovaks were on farms, either as laborers with pay or without pay. The larger proportion of the French Canadians were on farms, as laborers with and without pay, and farming for themselves.

In the following table the industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born females, in the households studied, who were 16 years of age or over at time of arrival is shown, by race of individual.