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show the highest percentage and the Lithuanians the lowest percentage with a residence from fifteen to nineteen years. The Irish show 55.3 per cent, the English over 50 per cent, and the Germans over 45 per cent who have been in the United States twenty years or over, as contrasted with 5.3 per cent of the Poles, less than 5 per cent of the Magyars and Lithuanians, and only 1.8 per cent of the Russians who have been in this country for the above specified period of time. The female foreign-born employees show a higher percentage than the male employees who have been in the United States from ten to fourteen and from fifteen to nineteen years. In each other specified period of residence the proportion of males is larger than that of females.

SEWING MACHINES- -MIDDLE WEST.

The following table shows, by race, the percentage of foreign-born male employees of Indiana sewing-machine establishments who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 41.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race-Sewing machines-Middle West.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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The above table shows that of 949 foreign-born male employees 43.3 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 18.4 per cent from five to nine years, 5.6 per cent from ten to fourteen years, 12.1 per cent from sixteen to nineteen years, and 20.5 per cent have been in this country twenty years or over. The Magyars show 61.7 per cent, the Russians over 50 per cent, the Poles over 30 per cent, and the Germans over 13.6 per cent who have been in the United States under five years. The Russians show the highest percentage and the Germans the lowest percentage who have been in the United States from five to nine and from ten to fourteen years. The Poles show the highest percentage and the Magyars the lowest percentage with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years. The German employees show 58.4 per cent, the Poles over 20 per cent, the Magyars 3.8 per cent, while no Russians have been in the United States twenty years or over.

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The table following shows, by sex and race, the percentage of the total number of foreign-born employees of sewing machine establishments for whom information was secured who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 42.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race—Industry as a whole.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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The preceding table shows that of 5,041 foreign-born employees reporting 35.8 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 19.7 per cent from five to nine years, 6.4 per cent from ten to fourteen years, 10.5 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, and 27.6 per cent have been in this country twenty years or over. Of the employees who have been in the United States under five years, the Russians show 59.7 per cent as having that period of residence, followed by the Magyars, Russian Hebrews, and Lithuanians in the order named, all reporting over 50 per cent as contrasted with considerably smaller proportions of the employees who are of other

specified races and only 8.1 per cent of the Irish who have been in this country less than five years.

The Lithuanians show the highest percentage and the English the lowest percentage with a residence of from five to nine years, and the Irish the highest percentage and the Scotch the lowest percentage with a residence of from ten to fifteen years. The Germans exhibit the highest percentage and the Lithuanians the lowest percentage who have been in the United States from fifteen to nineteen years, while over 55 per cent of the Irish, over 50 per cent of the English, and over 45 per cent of the Germans have been in the United States twenty years or over, as contrasted with less than 8 per cent of the Russian Hebrews, less than 5 per cent of the Magyars and Lithuanians, and 1.4 per cent of the Poles who have been in this country twenty years or over. A somewhat higher percentage of the foreignborn female employees than of the foreign-born male employees have been in the United States from ten to fourteen years, and a considerably higher percentage have a residence of from fourteen to nineteen years. In each other period of residence the percentage of the males is higher than that of the females.

STEAM RAILWAYS.

The table below shows, by race, the percentage of foreign-born male employees of steam railways who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 43.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race-Steam railways.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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Of 2,299 foreign-born male employees shown in the above table, 42.2 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 17.8 per cent from five to nine years, 5.4 per cent from ten to fourteen years, 6.9 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, and 27.7 per cent for twenty years or over. Of the foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States under five years, the Russians show 77 per cent, the South Italians over 60 per cent, and the North

Italians, Croatians, and Poles over 50 per cent. The other specified races show considerably smaller proportions, the Germans reporting only 8.9 per cent having this period of residence. The Croatians show the highest percentage and the Scotch the lowest percentage in the group including employees with a residence from five to nine years. The Slovaks show the highest percentage in the group including employees who have been in this country from ten to fourteen years, while no Croatians are included in this group. The Slovaks, closely followed by the Poles, show the highest per cent and the Croatians the lowest per cent having a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years. Of the employees who have been in the United States twenty years or over, the Germans show 73.3 per cent, the English 72.9 per cent, and the Irish and Scotch over 60 per cent, as contrasted with 6.2 per cent of the South Italians, 4.9 per cent of the North Italians, 4.1 per cent of the Magyars, 3.8 per cent of the Croatians, and only 2 per cent of the Russians who have been in the United States twenty years or over.

TYPEWRITERS.

The table below sets forth, by sex and race, the percentage of foreign-born employees of typewriter manufacturing establishments who had been in the United States each specified number of years. TABLE 44.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race- -Typewriters.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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The preceding table shows that of 430 foreign-born employees reporting, 25.6 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 18.8 per cent from five to nine years, 8.4 per cent from ten to fourteen years, 9.8 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, and 37.4

per cent twenty years or over. The Germans show a considerably smaller per cent who have been in the United States under five years, from five to nine years, and from ten to fourteen years, and a considerably higher percentage who have been in this country from fifteen to nineteen years and twenty years or over than is exhibited in the total for all foreign-born employees reporting. The male employees show a higher percentage than female employees who have been in the United States under five years, from five to nine years, and twenty years or over. The foreign-born female employees show a higher percentage than the foreign-born male employees having a residence of from ten to fourteen years and from fifteen to nineteen years.

ZINC SMELTING AND REFINING.

The following table shows, by race, the per cent of foreign-born male employees engaged in zinc smelting and refining, who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 45.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race-Zinc smelting and refining.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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From the above table it will be noted that, of 869 foreign-born male employees in this industry, 22.7 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, 16.1 per cent from five to nine, 5.4 per cent from ten to fourteen, and 11.7 per cent from fifteen to nineteen, while 44.1 per cent have been in this country twenty years or over.

Considering the Germans, Poles, and Slovenians with a residence of less than five and from five to nine years, the Slovenians show a much larger proportion than the Poles, who, in turn, show a comparatively larger proportion than the Germans in the first period; while in the second period of residence the Slovenians show a considerably larger proportion than the Poles, who show, as in the first period, a considerably larger proportion than the Germans. Among those with a residence of from ten to fourteen and from fifteen to nineteen years, the differences are less marked, the Slovenians showing the largest and the Germans the smallest proportion in the first group, while in the second group the position of the Slovenians and Germans is reversed. No Slovenians, as compared with 40.9 per cent of the Poles and 71.4 per cent of the Germans, have been in the United. States twenty years or over.

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