TABLE 37.—Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race-Paper and wood pulp-Continued.

The above table shows that, of the 5,620 employees in this industry concerning whom information was obtained, 35.2 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, 19.4 per cent from five to nine, 8.7 per cent from ten to fourteen, 10.6 per cent from fifteen to nineteen, and 26 per cent twenty years or over. The males, it will be noted, show proportions in each period of residence group that vary very slightly from the proportions shown in the total for all employees, while the females show a considerably smaller proportion with a residence of less than five, slightly smaller proportions from five to nine and from ten to fourteen, a slightly larger proportion from fifteen to nineteen years, and a considerably larger proportion with a residence of twenty years or over than the proportions shown for all employees.

As regards the males, it will be noted that the proportions of the older immigrant races who have been in the United States less than ten years range from 34.4 per cent of the Canadian other than French, to 21.9 per cent of the English, while the proportions of the more recent immigrant races, with this period of residence, range from 92.8 per cent of the Magyar to 72.9 per cent of the Slovak. In each instance, however, among the more recent immigrants, the proportions with a

residence of less than five are much larger than the proportions with a residence of from five to nine years. Of those who have been in the United States from ten to fourteen and from fifteen to nineteen years, the Canadians other than French, in the first group and the Swedes in the second group, with 18.6 and 21.7 per cent, respectively, show the largest proportions, while the English, with 2.3 per cent in the first, and the Lithuanians, with 1.9 per cent in the second, show the smallest proportions. Of those males who have been in the United States twenty years or over, the proportions of the older immigrants range from 62.6 of the English to 30.2 of the Canadians other than French, and the proportions of the more recent immigrants from 5.1 per cent of the Slovaks to slightly less than 1 per cent of the Lithuanians.

Considering the females it will be noted that no Germans, as compared with 78.6 per cent of the Lithuanians and 60 per cent of the Poles, have been in the United States less than five years, while the proportions of the others range from 28.6 per cent of the Scotch to 10.9 per cent of the Irish. Among the females who have been in the United States from five to nine, ten to fourteen, and from fifteen to nineteen years, the difference in the proportions of the various races are by no means so marked as among those with a residence of less than five years. No Lithuanians, it will be noted, have been in the United States longer than nine years and no Poles twenty years or over. Of the other females, in this last period of residence, the proportions range from 56.3 per cent of the English to 21.1 per cent of the French Canadians.

The totals shown in the preceding table are but a combination of the proportions of males and females, and are presented so that a comparison may be made of all employees, irrespective of sex, in each period of residence group.

PAPER PRODUCTS.

The following table shows, by sex and race, the percentage of foreign-born employees engaged in the manufacture of paper products who had been in the United States each specified number of years: TABLE 38.—Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex-Paper products.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad.]

Of the 457 foreign-born employees in this industry, concerning whom information was obtained, 49.2 per cent have been in the United States under ten years, 8.1 per cent from ten to fourteen, 9.6 per cent from fifteen to nineteen, and 33 per cent, a proportion slightly below that shown with a residence of less than five years, for twenty years or over. It will be noted that the proportions of male employees in each period of residence group vary only slightly from the proportions shown in the total for all employees, while the females show a considerably smaller proportion with a residence of under five years, a slightly smaller proportion with a residence of from five to nine years, a considerably larger proportion with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years and a slightly larger proportion with a residence of from ten to fourteen years and twenty years or over than is shown for all foreign-born employees, irrespective of sex.

ROPE, TWINE, AND HEMP.

The following table shows, by sex and race, the percentage of foreign-born employees, engaged in rope, twine, and hemp manufacture, who had been in the United States each specified number of years: TABLE 39.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race- —Rope, twine, and hemp.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 2,737 employees in this industry, concerning whom information was obtained, the largest proportion, or 63.9 per cent, have been in the United States less than five, 20.4 per cent from five to nine, 4.7 per cent from ten to fourteen, and 4.2 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, while 6.9 per cent have been in this country twenty years or over. The proportions of both males and females in each period of residence group, vary very slightly from the proportions shown for all employees. As regards the males, it will be noted that the small proportion of Irish and French Canadians with a residence of less than five years are not only in striking contrast with the proportions of North Italians, South Italians, and Poles, but with the Scotch as well, for the proportion of the latter, although much smaller than the proportion shown by the Poles, is very much larger than that shown by either the French Canadians or Irish. The difference in the proportions with a residence of from five to nine, ten to fourteen, and fifteen to nineteen years, are by no means so marked as among those with a residence of less than five years or twenty years or over. In this latter group the Irish show by far the largest proportion, or 70.6 per cent, followed by the French Canadians with 43.3 per cent, while of the other races, the proportions with this period of residence range from 16.7 per cent of the Scotch to 0.6 per cent of the Poles. The proportions of females belonging to the more recent immigrant races, with a residence of less than five years, range from 88.2 per cent of the North Italians to 78.4 per cent of the Poles, while the proportions of the older immigrants range from 52.5 per cent of the Scotch to 31 per cent of the Irish. Of those females with a residence of from five to nine, ten to fourteen, and fifteen to nineteen years, the proportions range from 26.3 per cent of the Scotch to 6.7 per cent of the South Italians, from 13.5 per cent of the French Canadians to 1.8 per cent of the Poles, and from 20.2 per cent of the French Canadians to 0.7 per cent of the Poles, respectively-the South Italians reporting no proportion with a residence of from ten to fourteen and the North Italians no proportion with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years. No North or South Italians and only 0.1 per cent of the Poles, as compared with 8.5 per cent of the Scotch, 13.5 per cent of the French Canadians and 40.5 per cent of the Irish have been in the United States twenty years or over. The totals shown in the above table are but a combination of the proportions of males and females, and are presented so that a comparison of the proportions of the various races, in each specified period of residence group, may be made irrespective of sex.

SEWING MACHINES-EAST.

The table next submitted shows, by sex and race, the percentage of foreign-born employees in sewing-machine manufacturing establishments in New Jersey who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 40.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race-Sewing machines-East.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Race.

MALE.

Of 4,092 foreign-born employees shown in the above table 34.1 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 20 per cent from five to 9 years, 6.6 per cent from ten to fourteen years, 10.1 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, and 29.2 per cent have been in this country twenty years or over. The Russian employees show 61.9 per cent, the Poles, Lithuanians, and Magyars over 50 per cent, and other specified races considerably smaller proportions who have been in the United States under five years. Only 7.9 per cent of the Irish have been in this country under the above-mentioned number of years. The Magyars show the highest percentage and the English the lowest percentage having a residence of from five to nine years. The Irish show the highest percentage and the Germans the lowest percentage with a residence from ten to fourteen years. The Germans