Upon information secured for 9,025 foreign-born employees in this entire industry it will be noted from the table immediately preceding that of that number 38.2 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, 22.3 per cent from five to nine, 7.9 per cent from ten to fourteen, and 10 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, while 21.5 per cent have been in this country twenty years or over. The proportion of males in each period of residence group varies only slightly from the proportion shown in the total for all employees. On the other hand, the females show a very much larger proportion with a residence of less than five years than in all other periods of residence groups combined, and consequently a much larger proportion in this shortest period of residence than is shown in the total for all employees. In each succeeding period of residence the proportion of females is below the proportion shown for the males and females combined, the difference being much more marked among those with a residence of twenty years or over than among those with a residence of from five to nine, ten to fourteen, or fifteen to nineteen years.

Considering the males, it will be noted that of the older immigrants the proportions with a residence of less than five years range from 23.3 per cent of the Scotch to 6.1 per cent of the French Canadians, while of the more recent immigrants with that period of residence the proportions range from 66.7 per cent of the Croatians to 27 per cent of the Lithuanians. Of those with a residence of from five to nine years, the proportions of the older immigrants range from 21.3 per cent of the Swedes to 6.9 per cent of the English, while of the more recent immigrants the proportions range from 36.5 per cent of the Greeks to 21.4 per cent of the Russian Hebrews. Thus it will be noted that the differences in the proportions among those who have been in the United States from five to nine years are less marked than among those with a residence of less than five years. This is equally true of those with a residence of from ten to fourteen and fifteen to nineteen years when compared with those who have. resided in this country less than five years. No Greeks have been in the United States twenty years or over, while the proportions of the other more recent immigrants with this period of residence range from 14.3 per cent of the Russian Hebrews to 1.4 per cent of the Croatians, as compared with proportions of the older immigrants, ranging from 67.9 per cent of the Irish to 36.9 per cent of the Swedes. Where proportions of females are reported by the various races in the several periods of residence groups it will be noted that, as with the males, the differences are much less marked among those with a residence of from five to nine, ten to fourteen, and fifteen to nineteen than among those with a residence of less than five years. Of those females with a residence of twenty years or over, the French Canadians, Irish, and Swedes, with 66.7, 56.3, and 50 per cent, respectively, show the largest proportions, followed by the English with 22.2 per cent the proportions of the other races with this period of residence ranging from 9.5 per cent of the Germans to 0.3 per cent of the Poles.

The totals shown in the preceding table are but a combination of the males and females, and are presented so that a comparison of the proportions of each race in each specified period of residence group may be made irrespective of sex.

KNIT GOODS AND HOSIERY.

The table next submitted shows, by sex and race, the percentage of foreign-born employees engaged in the manufacture of knit goods and hosiery who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 34.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race-Knit goods and hosiery.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 4,295 persons employed in the knit-goods and hosiery-manufacturing industry, 52.9 per cent have been in the United States under five years; less than 10 per cent have had a period of residence of from ten to fourteen or from fifteen to nineteen years, and 17.1 and 16 per cent, respectively, have had a period of residence of from five to nine years or twenty years or over. A larger proportion of the males than of the females have been in the United States each specified number of years under ten, while the females show a larger proportion than the males having had each other specified period of residence. Comparing the several races, the most noticeable feature is the large proportion of French Canadians, English, German, and Irish who have been in the United States twenty years or over, and the large proportion of each other race with a period of residence of less than five years.

LOCOMOTIVES-EAST.

The following table shows, by race, the percentage of foreign-born male employees engaged in locomotive building and repairing in the East who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 35.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race-Locomotives-East.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 3,265 foreign-born male employees in this industry for whom information was obtained, 47.2 per cent have been in the United States less than fifteen years and 52.8 per cent fifteen years or over. Of those in the first group, the proportion with a residence of from five to nine is slightly in excess of the proportion with a residence of less than five and considerably in excess of that proportion with a residence of from ten to fourteen years, while in the second group the proportion in the United States twenty years or over, 40.1 per cent, is very largely in excess of the proportion with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years.

With the exception of the French Canadians, the proportions of the older as compared with the more recent immigrant races with a residence of less than five years in the United States are very small. Of the older immigrants employed in this industry who have been in the United States from five to nine years, the proportions range from 16.9 per cent of the Swedes to 3.2 per cent of the English, while of the more recent immigrants the proportions range from 54.6 per cent of the Magyars to 31.6 per cent of the Poles. No very marked differences in the proportions of the various races exist among those who have been in the United States from ten to fourteen and from fifteen to nineteen years. As regards those who have been in the United States twenty years or over, on the other hand, it will be noted that, with the exception of the Poles, 23.5 per cent of whom have been in this country twenty years or over, the proportions of the more recent immigrants, ranging from 5.5 per cent of the Lithuanians to 2.6 per cent of the Russians, are, as compared with the proportions of the older immigrant races, extremely low-the proportions of the last named ranging from 70.7 per cent of the Scotch to 34.7 per cent of the French Canadians.

LOCOMOTIVES TOTAL.

The table below shows, by race, the percentage of the total number of foreign-born male employees, of locomotive building and repairing establishments, for whom information was secured, who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 36.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race-Industry as a whole.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of the 3,299 foreign-born male employees of this industry, concerning whom information was obtained, 16.8 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, 22.2 per cent from five to nine, 8.4 per cent from ten to fourteen, and 12.6 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, while 40 per cent have been in the United States

48296°-VOL 17-11-5

twenty years or over. Of those who have been in the United States less than five years, the proportions of the more recent immigrant races range from 42.1 per cent of the Russians to 25.5 per cent of the Poles, and the proportions of the older immigrant races range from 28.6 per cent of the French Canadians to 4.3 per cent of the Irish; while of those with a residence of from five to nine years the proportions of the more recent immigrant races range from 54.6 per cent of the Magyars to 31.4 per cent of the Poles, and the proportions of the older immigrant races from 16.3 per cent of the French Canadians to 3.1 per cent of the English. The differences in the proportions of the various races among those with a residence of from ten to fourteen and fifteen to nineteen years are in each instance very small. On the other hand, among those with a residence of twenty years or over, the differences are much more marked than in any preceding period of residence group. The largest proportion, or 71.4 per cent, with this period of residence is shown by the Scotch. This proportion, it will be noted, is considerably in excess of that shown by the English, Irish, or Germans, which in turn are considerably in excess of that shown by the Swedes and largely in excess of that shown by the French Canadians, who report 34.7 per cent of their number as having been in the United States twenty years or over. With the exception of the Poles, who show 23.3 per cent with a residence of twenty years or over, the proportions of the other more recent immigrant races are extremely small, ranging as they do from 5.5 per cent of the Lithuanians to 2.5 per cent of the Russians.

PAPER AND WOOD PULP.

The following table shows, by sex and race, the per cent of foreignborn employees engaged in paper and wood-pulp manufacturing, who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 37.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race- -Paper and wood pulp.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]