while the proportion of females who read and read and write is largest for the native-born of native father, second largest for the native-born of foreign father, and smallest for the foreign-born. All of the native-born females of native father are able to read and to read and to write. Of the foreign-born, all of the Bohemians and Moravians, Irish, Scotch, and Slovenians, both males and females, can read and read and write. With these exceptions, the proportion of males who read and read and write is largest for the Hebrews, Syrians, and Poles, in the order mentioned, and smallest for the South Italians and Lithuanians, and the proportion of females who read and read and write is largest for the Syrians, Magyars, and Poles, in the order mentioned, and smallest for the Lithuanians and the Ruthenians.

The degree of literacy which prevails among persons of foreign birth after designated periods of residence in this country may be seen from the table next presented. This table shows, by years in the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreignborn persons 10 years of age or over, in the households studied, who read and the percentage who both read and write.

TABLE 356.—Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by years in the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The above table shows that of 1,869 foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who reported complete data, 76.1 per cent of those who have been in the United States under five years, 75.7 per cent of those with a residence of from five to nine years, and 84.6 per cent of those who have been in this country ten years or over can read. Of persons who have been in the United States under five years 74.9 per cent can both read and write, of those with a residence of from five to nine years 72.5 per cent can read and write, and of those who have been in this country ten years or over 82.7 per cent can both read and write. The Bohemians and Moravians, the Scotch, and the Slovenians show 100 per cent of persons who can both read and

write in every period of residence. Of persons who have been in the United States under five years the Syrians show 93.9 per cent who can read, as contrasted with only 33.3 per cent of the Slovaks having this ability. Of foreign-born persons with a residence of from five to nine years the Syrians show 100 per cent and the Lithuanians only 44.3 per cent who can read. Of those with a residence of ten years or over the Magyars show 96.2 per cent and the South Italians only 40 per cent who can read. The Hebrews, the Lithuanians, the Magyars, the Poles, the Ruthenians, the Slovaks, and the Syrians show a smaller per cent in one or more of the corresponding periods of residence who can both read and write than the per cent shown in the same period for those who can read alone.

The literacy of the persons of foreign birth in the households studied, according to age at the time of arrival in this country, is set forth in the table next presented. This table shows, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and the percentage who both read and write.

TABLE 357.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent
who read and write, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.
(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-
born.]

data.

Per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to United States.

OVEL

The above table shows that of 1,869 persons 10 years of age or over from whom information was secured 93.6 per cent who were under 14 years of age at the time of coming to the United States can read and 77.1 per cent of those who were 14 years of age or over at the time of coming can read. Of those who were under 14 years of age at time of coming to this country 93.6 per cent can read and write, and of those who were 14 years of age or over at the time of coming 74.9 per cent can read and write. The Bohemians and Moravians, the Irish, the Scotch, and the Slovenians show 100 per cent of persons who were under 14 and who were 14 years of age or over at the time of coming to this country who can read and write. The Hebrews,

48296°-VOL 17-11-31

the Poles, the Slovaks, the South Italians, the Ruthenians, and the Lithuanians who were under 14 at the time of coming show between 66.7 per cent and 96.9 per cent who can read, the same proportions being able both to read and write. The Magyars and the Syrians who were under 14 at the time of coming show 100 per cent who can read and who can both read and write. The Syrians, the Hebrews, the Poles, the Magyars, the Slovaks, the Ruthenians, the South Italians, and the Lithuanians show from 49.7 per cent to 93.1 per cent of persons who were 14 years of age or over at the time of coming to this country who can read. Each of the races mentioned, except the South Italian, shows a somewhat smaller per cent who can both read and write than that shown for those who can read. The South Italians exhibit the same percentage who can read and who can both read and write.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The following table shows, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons in the households studied in each conjugal condition.

TABLE 358.-Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

TABLE 358.—Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual-Continued.

It appears from the data presented in the above table that, of the persons from 20 to 29 years of age for whom data were secured, 45.3 per cent of the males and 82 per cent of the females are married and only 0.4 per cent of the males and 0.5 per cent of the females are widowed. The proportion of married persons, both males and females, is considerably larger for the foreign-born than for the native-born of foreign father. Of the foreign-born females, all of the Slovenians and over 90 per cent of the Poles and Hebrews are married. The Slovenians, Magyars, and Ruthenians, in the order mentioned, have the largest and the Syrians and Lithuanians the smallest proportion of married males.

The proportion of persons from 30 to 44 years of age who are married is 88.8 per cent for the males and 93.6 per cent for the females. Of the females, 3 per cent as compared with 0.8 per cent of the males

are widowed. All of the Syrian, Slovenian, Polish, and Hebrew females are married. With this exception, the Magyars have the largest and the Ruthenians the smallest proportion of married females. Of the foreign-born males, all the Hebrews and a larger proportion of the Slovenians, Scotch, Ruthenians, and Magyars than of the Poles, Syrians, and Lithuanians are married.

Of the persons 45 years of age or over for whom information was secured, 91.7 per cent of the males and 72 per cent of the females are married and 6.6 per cent of the males and 25.3 per cent of the females are widowed.

The proportion of all persons 20 years of age or over who are married is 69.6 per cent for the males and 85.2 per cent for the females, while the proportion of all persons 20 years of age or over who are widowed is 1.3 per cent for the males and 4 per cent for the females. In the case of both the males and the females, a considerably larger proportion of the foreign-born than of the native-born of foreign father are married. Of the foreign-born, the Slovenians, Scotch, Magyars, and Hebrews have the largest and the Lithuanians the smallest proportion of married males.. All of the Slovenian females are married. With this exception, the Poles, Hebrews, and Magyars, in the order mentioned, have the largest and the Scotch the smallest proportion of married females. The proportion of widowed females is largest for the Syrians, Magyars, and Ruthenians, in the order mentioned.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

In the following table the percentage of persons in the households studied within each age group is shown by sex, and by general nativity and race of head of household:

TABLE 359.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]