Of 1,093 persons employed in the carpet-manufacturing industry the preceding table shows that the largest proportion, or 42.4 per cent, have been in the United States under five years, 21 per cent having had a period of residence of from five to nine years; 18.8 per cent twenty years or over; 11.4 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years; and 6.5 per cent from ten to fourteen years. The English and Polish report over 50 per cent and over 80 per cent, respectively, of their number as having had a period of residence in the United States of less than ten years, while over 50 per cent of the French Canadians have had a period of residence of fifteen years or over; over 50 per cent of the Germans twenty years or over; and over 50 per cent of the Irish ten years or over. Comparing the total number of males and females, it is seen that the former show a larger proportion in the United States each specified number of years except under five. A larger proportion of the males than of the females of each race except the English have been in the United States twenty years or over, while a larger proportion of the females than the males of each race except the English and German have had a period of residence under five years. All of the German females have been in the United States ten years or over, while 16.5 per cent of the males have had a period of residence under ten years.

CARS-EAST.

The following table shows, by race, the per cent of foreign-born male employees engaged in car building and repairing in the East who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 26.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race-Cars-East.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

From the preceding table it will be noted that of the 4,979 foreignhorn male employees of this industry, concerning whom information was obtained, 35.2 per cent have been in the United States less than five, 25.8 per cent from five to nine, 7.6 per cent from ten to fourteen, and 8.5 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, while the remaining proportion has been in this country twenty years or over. Among those with a residence of less than five years the proportions of the older immigrant races, including the Bohemian and Moravian, range from 37.5 per cent of the above-mentioned race to 4.3 per cent of the Canadian other than French, while the proportions of the more recent immigrant races range from 67.8 per cent of the Magyars to 29.3 per cent of the Lithuanians. The Bohemians and Moravians of the older immigrants again show the largest proportion, or 27.1 per cent, with a residence of from five to nine years, and the Scotch the lowest proportion, or 7.5 per cent, while of the more recent immigrants with this period of residence the proportions range from 40.1 per cent of the Croatians to 27.1 per cent of the Magyars. No Bohemians or Moravians have been in the United States from ten to fourteen, and only 6.3 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years. In this last period of residence this is the smallest proportion shown by any of the older immigrant races, the Scotch showing the smallest proportion in the preceding period of from ten to 14 years, or 1.3 per cent. In each of these periods the largest proportion of the older immigrants is shown by the Swedes, who report 9.1 per cent with a residence of from ten to fourteen, and 28.8 per cent with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years. The largest and smallest proportions of the more recent immigrants in these periods of residence are shown by the Lithuanians and Magyars, respectively, the former showing 20.3 per cent in the first and 13.8 per cent in the second period, as compared with 1.3 and 1.9 per cent, respectively, of the latter. No Croatians or Greeks and only 0.9 per cent of the Ruthenians, the smallest proportion shown by any of the more recent immigrants, have been in the United States twenty years or over, while the largest proportion among the more recent immigrants is shown by the Poles-16.7 per cent. Of the older immigrants with this period of residence, the Irish, with 69.7 per cent, show the largest and the Bohemians and Moravians the smallest proportions, or 29.2 per cent. The proportion of the Irish with this period of residence, it will be noted, is slightly in excess of that of the Scotch or Germans and considerably in excess of that of the English or Canadians other than French, while the proportion of Swedes-37.9 per cent-is but slightly in excess of that shown by the Bohemians and Moravians.

CARS-MIDDLE WEST.

The table following shows, by race, the per cent of foreign-born male employees engaged in car building and repairing in the Middle West who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 27.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race.—Cars—Middle West.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

No deduction is

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Information was obtained in this locality for 6,996 foreign-born male employees of this industry, of which number 30.6 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, 22.1 per cent from five to nine, 5 per cent from ten to fourteen, and 11.9 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, while the remaining proportion has been in this country twenty years or over.

As between the older and more recent immigrant races the representatives of which have been in the United States less than five years, it will be noted that the proportions of the former range from 36 per cent of the Scotch to 1.1 per cent of the Canadians other than French, while the proportions of the latter range from 77.8 per cent of the Greeks to 38.6 per cent of the Poles. The differences in proportions among those with a residence of from five to nine, ten to fourteen, and fifteen to nineteen years are by no means so marked as among those with a résidence of less than five years, while of those with a residence of twenty years or over, with the exception of the Croatians, Greeks, and Servians, none of whom have been in the United States for this number of years, the proportions of the more recent immigrants range from 17 per cent of the South Italians to 2 per cent of the Lithuanians, and the proportions of the older immigrants range from 76.9 per cent of the French Canadians to 31.6 per cent of the Bohemians and Moravians-the proportion of French Canadians being slightly in excess of that of the frish, considerably in excess of that of the Canadians other than French, English, German, or Norwegians, and very largely in excess of the proportion shown by the Scotch, Swedes, Danes, or Dutch, in the order named. It

will be further noted from the preceding table that no Scotch or Servians, and only a very small proportion of each of the other races, have been in the United States from ten to fourteen years, the Slovaks showing the largest proportion, or 10.2 per cent.

CARS-TOTAL.

The following table shows, by race, the per cent of the total number of foreign-born male employees engaged in car building and repairing who had been in the United States each specified number of years:

TABLE 28.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race-Industry as a whole.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 12,006 foreign-born male employees in this entire industry for whom information was obtained, 32.4 per cent have been in the United States less than five, 23.6 per cent from five to nine, 6 per cent from ten to fourteen, and 10.5 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, while 27.5 per cent have been in this country twenty years

or over.

Considering those employees with a residence of less than five years, it will be noted that among the older immigrants the proportions range from 24.9 per cent of the Scotch to 1.9 per cent of the French Canadians, while of the more recent immigrants the proportions range from 68.8 per cent of the Greeks to 36.8 per cent of the Poles. Among the older immigrants with a residence of from

five to nine years, the largest proportion, or 28.6 per cent, is shown by the Bohemians and Moravians and the smallest proportions, or 7.3 per cent, is shown by the Canadians other than French, while the largest and smallest proportions, 39.2 and 26.1 per cent, among the more recent immigrants are shown by the Slovenians and Greeks, respectively. With the exception of the Lithuanians, Slovaks, and Ruthenians, reporting 11.2, 11, and 10.5 per cent respectively, no race shows a proportion equal to 10 per cent with a residence of from ten to fourteen years. Of those with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years, the largest proportion, or 26.6 per cent, is shown by the Dutch and the smallest proportion, or 1.6 per cent, by the Servians. The proportion of the Dutch, it will be noted, is only slightly in excess of that shown by the Danes or Canadians other than French, while the proportions of the other races not specified above range from 16.9 per cent of the Swedes to 1.9 per cent of the Greeks. No Croatians, Greeks, or Servians, and, as compared with the proportions of the older immigrants only very small proportions of the more recent immigrants have been in the United States twenty years or over. Of the older immigrants with this period of residence, the proportions range from 77.8 per cent of the French Canadians to 31.1 per cent of the Bohemians and Moravians, while of the more recent immigrants the proportions range from 15.2 per cent of the Poles to 0.9 per cent of the Ruthenians.

CUTLERY AND TOOLS.

The following table shows, by race, the percentage of foreign-born male employees engaged in cutlery and tool manufacturing, who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 29.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race— -Cutlery and tools.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 521 foreign-born male employees shown in the above table, 30.9 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 21.7 per cent from five to nine years, 8.8 per cent from ten to fourteen years, 11.9 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, and 26.7 per cent have been in this country twenty years or over. The Armenians show a considerably higher percentage who have been in the United States under five and from five to nine years than do the Germans or