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these groups the native-born of foreign father show the highest per cent widowed. In the total number of the South Italians and Magyars reporting the latter shows a slightly higher percentage than the former of married persons, while the South Italians show higher percentage who are widowed than the Magyars. In the groups including persons from 20 to 29 years of age, from 30 to 44 years of age, and 20 years of age or over, females show a higher percentage married than males, while of persons 45 years of age or over males exhibit a higher percentage married than females. In the group of persons from 20 to 29 years of age males show the highest percentage widowed, while females exhibit greater proportions widowed in each succeeding group than males.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table next presented shows, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of persons, in the households studied, within each age group.

TABLE 312.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household.

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

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TABLE 312.—Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household-Continued.

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Of the 2,238 persons included in the preceding table the largest proportion, or 21 per cent, are from 20 to 29 years of age, the proportion who are from 30 to 44, under 6, and from 6 to 13 years of age following in the order named, and approximately the same proportion being from 14 to 19 years of age as 45 years of age or over. The difference between the proportions of persons, in the households the heads of which are of each nativity group, who are within each specified age group is comparatively small. Over 50 per cent of the persons in the households the heads of which are South Italians, Magyars, Swedes, and Welsh are 20 years of age or over, and over 50 per cent of the persons in the households the heads of which are Slovaks are under 14 years of age. A difference of less than 10 per cent is shown between the proportions of the total number of males and females within each specified age group. The proportion of persons in the households the heads of which are of each nativity group, as well as the proportion of persons in the households the heads of which are of each race is, generally speaking, very well divided between the sexes.

CHAPTER VII.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

Ownership of homes-Status of children in the households studied-School attendance-Citizenship-Ability to speak English-[Text Tables 313 to 319 and General Tables 235 to 240].

OWNERSHIP OF HOMES.

The accumulation of property is not only an indication of thrift on the part of the owner, but, where the owner is a person of foreign birth, it also exhibits a tendency toward permanent settlement in the United States. In this connection the following table is submitted which shows, by general nativity and race of head of family, the number and percentage of families owning home.

TABLE 313.-Number and per cent of families owning home, by general nativity and race of head of family.

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Information concerning 416 families was obtained in this locality, of which number only 40.6 per cent own homes, the foreign-born reporting 39.9 per cent as compared with 53.6 per cent of the nativeborn of foreign father and 22.2 per cent of the native whites born of native father.

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Among the foreign-born it will be seen that the Swedes, with 87.9 per cent owning homes, report a much larger proportion than do the Welsh, who in turn show a considerably larger proportion than do the Magyars, a much larger proportion than do the South Italians, and a very much larger proportion than do the Slovaks, who report

only 9.5 per cent of their number as owning homes. Among the native-born of foreign father the proportion of Germans owning homes, 66.7 per cent, is considerably in excess of that shown by the Irish, who report but 42.9 per cent.

STATUS OF CHILDREN IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table next presented is instructive as indicating the tendency on the part of children in the families studied to attend school or go to work when working age is reached. The table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work.

TABLE 314.—Number and per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of child.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

This table includes only races with 20 or more children born in the United States and also 20 or more born abroad. The native-born of native father are shown for comparative purposes.]

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Of native white children born of native father who are 6 and under 16 years of age concerning whom information was secured, 9 per cent are at home, 88.8 per cent are at school, and 2.2 per cent are at work. Among children whose fathers were South Italians a slightly larger percentage of those who were born in the United States are at school than of those who were born abroad, while the proportion of children who were born abroad who are at home and are at work is slightly larger than the proportion of those who were born in the United States who are thus occupied. Magyar children who were born abroad show a considerably higher percentage at home than those who were born in the United States. The proportion of those who were born in the United States and are at school is larger than the proportion of those who were born abroad and are thus occupied, while about the same proportion of both classes are at work. The per cent of children who are native-born whites of native father who are at school is considerably larger than the per cent of foreign-born children at school, while the per cent of foreign-born children at work is very much higher than that of native-born white children of native father who are thus engaged.

SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of father of pupil, the number and percentage of total pupils in school in Scranton, Pa.

Table 315.-Number and per cent of total pupils in school in Community E, by general nativity and race of father of pupil.

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In this locality information was secured as to general nativity and race of father of 16,157 pupils in public and 3,382 pupils in parochial schools. The proportion of pupils of foreign parentage is 52.5 per cent in public and 39 per cent in parochial schools, and the proportion of children of native whites is 47.1 per cent in public and 60.9 per cent in parochial schools. In the public schools the foreign races having the largest representation are the Irish, German, Welsh, English, and Lithuanian, while in the parochial schools the Polish, German, and Irish, in the order mentioned, are the principal

races.

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