born pay a higher average rent per room per month than do those households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father.

Among those households the heads of which are foreign-born it will be noted that as between the South Italian and the Magyar households the former show a slightly larger proportion paying under $2 and a slightly smaller proportion paying under $3 and under $4 rent per room per month than do the latter.

The real situation relative to congestion is set forth in the following table, which indicates the extent of crowding within the households studied by showing, according to general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households paying each specified rent per month per person.

TABLE 299.-Per cent of households paying each specified rent per month per person, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

In the 215 households studied the average rent per person is $1.76. In those households the heads of which are foreign-born the average rent is $1.61, as compared with $2.30 in those households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father. In those households the heads of which are foreign-born, the South Italian and Magyar households each show an average rent per month per person below that shown for all households the heads of which are foreign-born. Of those households paying a specified rent per month per person only 7 per cent pay under $1, while 59.5, 80.9, and 91.2 per cent pay under $2, $3, and $4, respectively. Thus it will be seen that a much larger proportion pay between $1 and $2 than any other specified amount. Those households the heads of which are foreign-born show a slightly larger proportion paying each specified rent per month per person, while those households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father show a slightly smaller proportion paying under $1 and a considerably smaller proportion paying under each of the other specified amounts than is shown in the total for all households. Among those households the heads of which are foreign-born, neither the South Italian nor Magyar households pay as much as $4 rent per month per person the former showing a slightly larger proportion paying under $2 and under $3 and a considerably smaller proportion paying under $1 per month per person than do the latter.

BOARDERS AND LODGERS.

The practice of the wives of employees in Community E in supplementing the earnings of their husbands by taking boarders or lodgers into the home has already been discussed. The extent of this practice and its bearing upon living conditions are considered in the two following tables, the first of which exhibits the number and per cent of households keeping boarders or lodgers, by general nativity and race of head of household.

TABLE 300.-Number and per cent of households keeping boarders or lodgers, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders or lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

It appears from the data presented in the above table that 27.3 per cent of the households for which information was secured keep boarders or lodgers. The proportion of households keeping boarders or lodgers is much larger among the foreign-born than among the native-born of foreign father, while none of the households of persons native-born of native father keep boarders or lodgers. Among the foreign-born, of the races for which the percentages have been computed, the South Italians, Magyars, and Welsh, in the order mentioned, have the largest proportion of households keeping boarders or lodgers.

In the table next submitted the average number of boarders or lodgers per household is shown according to general nativity and race of head of household. The averages are based (1) on the total number of households, and (2) on the number of households taking boarders or lodgers.

TABLE 301.-Average number of boarders or lodgers per household, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders or lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

Average number of boarders or lodgers per household.

Number of

General nativity and race of head of house- Total num- households Number of

hold.

ber of keeping households. boarders or lodgers.

boarders or
lodgers.

In the households for which information was secured the average number of boarders or lodgers per household was 0.79, based on the total number of households, and 2.90, based on the number of households keeping boarders or lodgers. It will be noted that the average number of boarders or lodgers per household, based on the total number of households, is very much larger for the foreign-born than for the native-born of foreign father. Among the foreign-born the average number of boarders or lodgers per household, based on the total number of households, is much larger for the South Italians and Magyars than for any other race. The average number of boarders or lodgers per household, based on the total number of households keeping boarders or lodgers, is considerably larger for the Magyars than for the South Italians.

SIZE OF APARTMENTS OCCUPIED.

The range in size of apartments occupied is indicated in the following table, which shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms.

TABLE 302.-Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of the households in this locality for which information was secured, only a very small proportion occupy apartments of less than three rooms, 8.6 per cent occupy apartments of three rooms, 14.6 per cent occupy apartments of four rooms, 16.4 per cent occupy apartments of five rooms, 33.9 per cent occupy apartments of six rooms, and 22.4 per cent occupy apartments of seven rooms or more. The proportion of households occupying apartments of four rooms is largest among the foreign-born, second largest among the native-born of native father, and smallest among those native-born of foreign father; the proportion of households occupying apartments of five rooms is largest among those native-born of native father, second in rank among the foreign-born, and smallest among the native-born of foreign father; the proportion of households occupying apartments of six rooms is largest among the native-born of foreign father, second largest among the native-born of native father, and smallest among the foreign-born; and the proportion of households occupying seven rooms or more is considerably larger among the native-born of native father and the native-born of foreign father than among the foreignborn.

Of the foreign-born, the South Italians, Slovaks, and Magyars, in the order mentioned, have the largest proportion of households occupying apartments of four rooms; the Magyars and South Italians have the largest proportions of households occupying apartments of five rooms; the Welsh, Swedes, and South Italians, in the order mentioned, have the largest proportion of households occupying apartments of six rooms; and the Swedes and Welsh, in the order mentioned, have the largest proportion of households occupying apartments of seven rooms or more.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS.

The following table exhibits the range in the size of households studied by showing the percentage of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

TABLE 303.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of the total number of households studied in the above table, the largest proportion, or 19.3 per cent, are households of five persons, the proportion of households of 4, 6, 7, and 3 persons following in the order named, and less than 10 per cent being households of each other specified number of persons. Of the households the heads_of which are native-born of native father a larger proportion are of 2 or 4 persons than either the households the heads of which are nativeborn of foreign father or the households the heads of which are foreign-born, the households the heads of which are foreign-born showing the smallest proportion in the first instance and the households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father the smallest proportion in the second instance. Of the households of 3 and 5 persons, those the heads of which are native-born of foreign father show a larger proportion than those the heads of which are nativeborn of native father and those the heads of which are foreign-born show the smallest proportion. A larger proportion of the households the heads of which are foreign-born than of either the households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father or the households the heads of which are native-born of native father are households of each specified number of persons above 5, the households the heads of which are native-born of native father showing the smallest proportions in each instance. A greater degree of conges