households. The table first submitted, which follows below, shows, by sex and race, the percentage of foreign-born wage-earners of the community who had been in the United States each specified number

of years.

TABLE 163.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number

of years, by sex and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is

made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

MALE.

Information was obtained for 3,204 foreign-born employees of this industry in this locality. Of this number, 46.8 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, 21.8 per cent from five to nine, 8.6 per cent from ten to fourteen, and 9.6 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, while 13 per cent have been in this country twenty years or over. The proportion of males in each period of

. residence group varies only slightly from the proportions shown in the total for all employees. On the other hand, by far the largest

. proportion of females, 77.1 per cent, have been in the United States less than five years, while the proportion of females in each of the other periods of residence is somewhat below that shown for all employees. It will be noted that, of those males with a residence less than five years, the South Italians, with 65.8 per cent, show a considerably larger proportion than the Poles or Russians and a much larger proportion than the North Italians, who, in turn, show a considerably larger proportion than the Lithuanians or Germans and a very much larger proportion than the Swedes or Irish. The Irish again show the smallest proportion, or 6.7 per cent, with a residence of from five to nine years, while the proportion of the other races range from 31.2 per cent of the Russians to 18.4 per cent of the South Italians. Among those who have been in the United States from ten to fourteen and from fifteen to nineteen years, the difference in the proportions are not so marked as in the preceding periods of residence; while, of those with a residence of twenty years or over, the Irish, Swedes, and Germans show 69.3, 36.5, and 36.1 per cent, respectively, as compared with proportions of the more recent immigrant races ranging from 7 per cent of the Lithuanians to 1.8 per cent of the Russians.

Among the females, the Germans with 51 per cent, 'while showing a very much larger proportion than the Swedes or Irish, show a considerably smaller proportion than the North Italians and a very much smaller proportion than is shown by any other more recent immigrant race with a residence less than five years in the United States, the Poles showing the largest proportion, or 83.9 per cent. The differences in the proportions among those with a residence of from five to nine, ten to fourteen, and from fifteen to nineteen years are very much less marked than among those with a residence of less than five years, or twenty years or over.

In this latter period the Irish show 71.4 and the Swedes 50 per cent, while the Germans show 4.1, and the Lithuanians and Russians each 2 per cent, the other races reporting no proportion with a residence of twenty years or over in the United States. The totals shown in the above table are but a combination of the males and females, and are presented so that the proportions of all employees in each period of residence group may be noted, irrespective of sex.

The following table sets forth, by race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons in the households studied who had been in the United States each specified number of years: TABLE 164.—Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number Of 2,025 foreign-born persons shown in the preceding table 38.3 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 64.3 per cent have been in this country under ten years, and 88.3 per cent have a residence of under twenty years. Of those who have been in the United States under five years the South Italians show the largest proportion, 60.8 per cent. The Russians, Poles, and Ruthenians show over 50 per cent, the Slovaks, Lithuanians, and Germans over 20 per cent, while only 1.7 per cent of the Swedes have been in the United States under five years. The Russians show 87.5 per cent and the South Italians and Ruthenians over 80 per cent who have been in the United States under ten years. The Poles show over 75 per cent, the Lithuanians over 60 per cent, the Slovaks over 55. per cent, the Germans over 30 per cent, while only 15.7 per cent of the Swedes have been in this country under ten years. The Russians and Ruthenians report 100 per cent, the Poles, South Italians, and Lithuanians over 95 per cent, the Slovaks over 90 per cent, the Swedes 60 per cent, and the Germans 44.5 per cent who have been in the United States under twenty years.

RACIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT THE PRESENT TIME.

The racial composition of the machine and foundry products manufacturing establishments of the community at the present time is exhibited by the following table, which shows, by sex, the number and percentage of employees of each race for whom information was secured: TABLE 165.—Employees for whom information was secured, by sex and by general nativity

and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

7.2

Native-born of native father, White...

211

72 Native-born of foreign father, by country of birth of father: Australia.

1 Austria-Hungary.

3

9 Belgium..

1 Canada.

4 Denmark. England.

28

9 France.

3

1 Germany.

78

45 Ireland...

116

47 Italy

1

7 Netherlands. Russia.

7

12 Scotland.

1 Sweden.

25 Switzerland.

Wales.
Foreign-born, by race:

Armenian.
Bohemian and Moravian.
Canadian, French.

2 Canadian, Other

2
Danish..
Dutch.
English.
Finnish.

9
French.
German.

280

49 Greek..

15

11
a less than 0.05 per cent.

(a)

5 .1 1.3

TABLE 165.—Employees for whom information was secured, by sex and by general nativity

and race-Continued.

From the above table it will be noted that of the 3,924 employees of this industry, concerning whom information was obtained, 81.7 per cent are foreign-born, 11.1 per cent native-born of foreign father, and 7.2 per cent native whites born of native father. It will also be noted that the foreign-born constitute a considerably larger proportion of the total number of males than of the total number of females, while the native-born of foreign father and the native whites born of native father constitute a considerably smaller and a slightly smaller proportion, respectively, of all males than of all females for whom information was obtained. While a very large number of races are represented among the employees of this industry, only those the representatives of which constitute as much as 1 per cent of either the total number of males or females are considered. Considering the males, it will be seen that among the foreign-born the Poles, with 28.4 per cent, constitute a much larger proportion than the Swedes, who, with 11.3 per cent, constitute a slightly larger proportion than the Germans, Lithuanians, or South Italians. Of the native-born of foreign father, those whose fathers were born in Ireland constitute 3.8 per cent of the total number of males, a proportion slightly in excess of that constituted by those whose fathers were born in Germany. The females grouped as foreign-born Poles constitute 41.4 per cent of the total number of females for whom information was secured. The German, Lithuanian, and Russian females each constitute 5.8 per cent. Among the native-born of foreign father those whose fathers were born in Ireland, Germany, and Sweden constitute 5.6, 5.4, and 3 per cent of the total number of females, respectively.