SIZE OF APARTMENTS OCCUPIED.

The range in size of apartments occupied by the households is indicated in the following table, which shows by general nativity and race of head of household the percentage of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms:

TABLE 131.—Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of

rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

more

Data are included in the above table for a total of 440 households. The average number of rooms per household is 4.72. None of the households occupy apartments of 1 room and only 2 per cent occupy apartments of 2 rooms. The greatest proportion are found in apartments of 4 rooms and the next largest in apartments of 5 rooms. Only 9.3 per cent of the total number occupy apartments of 7 or

rooms. When compared with the native-born of foreign father, the foreign-born show the largest proportion of households occupying 3 and 5 room apartments and the smallest proportion occupying apartments of 4, 6, and 7 or more rooms. Only 8 per cent of the households the heads of which are foreign-born occupy apartments of 7 or more rooms.

The South Italian and Polish are the only foreign-born races that show any households occupying 2-room apartments and the proportion for each of these races is less than 7 per cent. More than 40 per cent of the South Italians and Poles occupy 3-room apartments, as compared with 2.4 per cent of the Swedes and 3.1 per cent of the French Canadians. A greater proportion of the Poles than of any other foreign-born race occupy 4-room apartments, while the same race shows the smallest

proportion in 5-room apartments. None of the Polish households occupy apartments of more than 5 rooms. Slightly more than 32 per cent of the Swedes occupy 6-room apartments and nearly 20 per cent of

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the German and over 10 per cent of the Swedish households occupy apartments of 7 or more rooms. The proportion of the South Italian households occupying apartments of 7 or more rooms is less than 5 per cent.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS.

The following table exhibits the range in size of households studied by showing the percentage of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household:

TABLE 132.—Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity

and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Data for 440 households are included in the above table. The average number of persons per household is 5.05. None of the households have less than 2 persons and only 4.3 per cent have 10 or more persons. Nearly 20 per cent are households of 4 persons and 18.6 per cent are households of 3 persons. When compared with the native-born of foreign father the foreign-born show the smallest proportion of households of 4 persons or less, but of households of 5 or more persons the foreign-born show the highest proportion. Among the foreign-born the South Italians and Germans show almost similar proportions of households of 2 persons, the French Canadians showing the smallest. Of the foreign-born households that have 4 persons the Germans show the smallest proportion and the Poles the largest. Less than 10 per cent of the households of any foreign-born race have 8 or 9 persons. Nearly 15 per cent of the French Canadian households have 10 or more persons, but for each of the other races the proportion having that number is less than 10

per cent.

CONGESTION.

Preceding tables indicate the extent to which crowding prevails in the households of the community. The degree of congestion and its effects upon living arrangements is more directly set forth in the following series of tables.

The first table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room. TABLE 133.-Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room,

by general nativity and race of head of household.

In the 440 households studied the average number of persons per apartment is 5.05, per room 1.07, and per sleeping room 2.26. In each specified space the average number shown by the households the heads of which are foreign-born is much larger than that shown by the households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father. The native whites born of native father show an average of less than 1 person per room and less than 3 persons per sleeping room. The average number of persons per apartment for that group is 4.70. Of the foreign-born races all except the Swedish show average numbers not greatly divergent. The average number of persons in households the heads of which are foreign-born Swedes is 4.76. The largest average number of persons per apartment5.83—is shown by the foreign-born French Canadians. Each other foreign-born race shows an average number that is between 5 and 6. The Germans and Swedes each show an average number of persons per room that is less than 1. No race shows an average number of

persons per room that is as great as 2. The Poles show the greatest degree of congestion in sleeping rooms. The average number of persons per sleeping room for households of that race is 2.69. The Germans show the least degree of congestion in sleeping rooms, with an average of but 2.08 persons per sleeping room.

In the next table presented the persons per room are shown by general nativity and race of head of household:

TABLE 134.–Persons per room, bry general nativity and race of head of household.

Slightly more than 60 per cent of all of the households studied in the foregoing table have 1 or more persons per room. None of the households have as many as 4 persons per room and less than 10 per cent have as many as 2 persons per room.

The foreignborn show a greater degree of congestion than do the native-born of foreign-father. None of the households of the latter group have as many as 2 persons per room, while 12.4 per cent of the foreignborn show households having that number of persons per room. Among the foreign-born races the South Italians show the greatest degree of congestion, 2.1 per cent of the households of that race having 3 or more persons per room.

The Poles show the greatest proportion of households that have 2 or more persons per room. The South Italians show the next largest proportion and the Swedes show the smallest. The Poles show a greater proportion of households having 1 or more persons per room than do any other race. The percentage is 94.6. Eighty-three per cent of the South Italian households show that number of persons per room as compared with 45.8 per cent of the Swedes and 57.9 per cent of the Germans.

The table following shows persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

TABLE 135.—Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

Number of households Per cent of households

having each specified having each speciiled Total Average number of persons per

number of persons per

number General nativity and race of head number

sleeping room.

sleeping room.
of
of household.

of house

persons
holds.

per sleep-
ing room.
2 or

4 or
5 or
2 or
3 or

4 or 5 or more. more. more. more. more. more. more more.

3 or

a

More than 75 per cent of all households studied have 2 or more persons per sleeping room, leaving not quite 25 per cent who have less than 2 persons per sleeping room. None of the households studied have as many as 6 persons per sleeping room, and only 0.5 per cent have as many as 5 persons. The households the heads of which are foreign-born show a greater degree of congestion than do the households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father. The latter show 73.2 per cent as having 2 or more persons per sleeping room, while for the former the proportion is 77.3 per cent. The households the heads of which are native-born of German fathers show a smaller degree of congestion in sleeping quarters than do the households the heads of which are native-born of Irish fathers. Among the households the heads of which are foreign-born only 64.1 per cent of the French Canadians have 2 or more persons per sleeping room, as compared with 94.6 per cent of the Polish households and 87.2 per cent of the South Italian. The South Italians show a greater proportion than do any other race of households that have 3 or more persons per sleeping room. None of the German households have as many as 4 persons per sleeping room, and the proportion of French Canadian and Swedish households that have that many persons per sleeping room is in each case less than 4 per cent. The South Italian and Polish races each show a small proportion of households that have as many as 5 persons per sleeping

None of the households studied have as many as 6 persons per sleeping room.