Italian is the only one showing the entire number who read and write, the Polish and Slovak showing below 75 per cent and each other race above 90 per cent. Of those native-born of foreign father, all, except a small proportion of the females whose fathers are French Canadians, both read and write.

The degree of literacy which prevails among persons of foreign birth after designated periods of residence in this country may be seen from the table next presented. This table shows, by years in the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreignborn persons 10 years of age or over, in the households studied, who read and the percentage who both read and write.

TABLE 86.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by years in the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The preceding table shows that, of 1,643 foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over, 82.2 per cent of those who have been in the United States under five years, 86.1 per cent of those with a period of residence of from five to nine years, and 92.1 per cent of those with a period of residence of ten years or over read and write, the proportion who read only being slightly larger in each instance. All of the English, Germans, Irish, and North Italians, with a period of residence of less than ten years, and over 95 per cent of those with a period of residence of ten years or over, as compared with less than 80 per cent of the Polish and Slovaks, with a period of residence of ten years or over, read and write.

The literacy of the foreign-born persons, according to their ages at the time of arrival in this country, is set forth in the table next presented. This table shows, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and the percentage who both read and write.

TABLE 87.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent. who read and write, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign

born.]

The preceding table shows that, of 1,643 foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over, 96.7 per cent of those who were under 14 years of age at time of coming to the United States, and 87.6 per cent of those who were 14 years of age or over read. The proportion who both read and write is only slightly smaller in each instance. All of the English, Germans, and North Italians who were under 14 years of age at time of coming to the United States read and write, no other race showing below 90 per cent of their number as having this ability. The North Italian is the only race showing their entire number, who were 14 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, as having ability to read and write, the Polish and Slovak, with 70 per cent and 72.3 per cent, respectively, being the only races showing below 90 per cent.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The table following shows, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons in the households studied who were in each conjugal condition.

TABLE 88.-Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

(This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of 1,919 persons 20 years of age or over the preceding table shows that 72.7 per cent are married, 23.6 per cent are single, and 3.7 per cent widowed. The foreign-born shows a larger proportion married than does the native whites born of native father, which in turn shows a larger proportion than the native-born of foreign father. The position of the nativity groups is reversed as regards those who are single, as the proportion who are widowed is small of each. Each race shows a larger proportion married than single. Of the total number in each age group it is seen that a larger proportion of those who are from 20 to 29 years of age are single than married, the reverse being true as regards those who are 30 years of age or over. The proportion who are widowed is noticeably large as regards those who are 45 years of age or over. Of those who are from 20 to 29 years of age the foreignborn is the only nativity group showing a larger proportion married than single, each nativity group showing that a larger proportion of those who are 30 years of age or over are married than single. Of the several races the French Canadian and Irish show a larger proportion of those who are from 20 to 29 years of age single than married. No race shows a larger proportion single than married among those who were 30 years of age or over. The proportion of French Canadians, English, Irish, and Slovaks in the 45 years of age or over group who are widowed is noticeably large. Very little difference is shown between the proportion of males and females 20 years of age or over who are in each conjugal condition. Of those within each specified age group, except 45 years or over, the difference is also small, the males 45 years of age or over showing a larger proportion married and a smaller proportion widowed than the females of this age.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table next presented shows, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of persons in the households studied within each specified age group.

TABLE 89.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] MALE.

TABLE 89.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household—Continued.

Of 3,680 persons included in the foregoing table, practically the same proportion, or 20 per cent, are from 20 to 29 or 30 to 44 years of age the proportion who are from 6 to 13, under 6, or 45 years of age or over, following in the order named, and less than 10 per cent being either from 14 to 15 or 16 to 19 years of age. No marked difference is shown between the proportions of each nativity group who are of each specified age. The several races are fairly well balanced among the various age groups except that of 45 years or over, where the races of older immigration, or the French Canadian, English, German, and Irish, show a much larger proportion than do the Hebrews, Poles, or Slovaks. The difference between the proportion of males and females in each specified age group is less than 5 per cent. Although certain races show a larger difference than this, in no case does it vary sufficiently to deserve specific reference.