Aliens employed in the Library of Congress, Feb. 15, 1943

A. PERSONS WHO WERE IN THE SERVICE OF THE LIBRARY ON JULY 1, 1941, AND WHO HAD THERETOFORE FILED DECLARATIONS OF INTENTION TO BECOME CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES

B. APPOINTMENTS UNDER THE PROVISO CONTAINED IN SEC. 6 OF THE LEGISLA TIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATION ACT, 1943

Not possible.

Sept. 1, 1939

do

Fang, Chao-ying (on administrative fur

China..

lough to War Department).

Fang, Lienche Tu î

Han, Philip 2

do. Korea

Léger, Alexis St. Léger.

Guadeloupe... French.

Lu, Da June..

Mann, Thomas..

China...

Germany.

Skard, Sigmund.

Wang, Chung Min.

Wang, Siu Yeh Liu 3.

Norway.

China

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 10, 1943.

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

STATEMENTS OF A. E. GIEGENGACK, PUBLIC PRINTER; R. H. HERRELL, ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT TO THE PUBLIC PRINTER; ALTON P. TISDEL, SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS; AND JOHN R. KENNEDY, EDITOR, FEDERAL REGISTER

Mr. O'NEAL. We will take up first this afternoon the items for the Government Printing Office.

All of us are very proud of the great organization we have in the Government Printing Office, and we will be glad to have you, Mr. Giegengack, make a preliminary statement before we go into the detailed items in the justifications, if you care to do so.

GENERAL STATEMENT

VOLUME OF BUSINESS

Mr. GIEGENGACK. Mr. Chairman, the volume of business handled by the Government Printing Office during the current fiscal year will be more than three times that handled in 1940. In 1940 it was $20,000,000, in 1941 it was $28,000,000, in 1942 nearly $47,000,000 and from present indications it will run close to $65,000,000 for the current fiscal year. Your guess is as good as mine as to what it will be next year. Regardless of what it is, either more or less, I believe our organization with the experience we have gained during the last year will be able to handle it satisfactorily.

You understand, of course, that the appropriation we are here considering is to reimburse the Government Printing Office for the work it does for Congress and will not be affected by either an increase or decrease in the demands made upon the Office by the other departments and agencies. The only thing that can affect it would be an increase or decrease in the printing required by Congress. The amount estimated for 1944 was based on your past requirements and will be discussed in more detail under the heading "Summary of appropriation estimates."

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

When I appeared before you last year we had 7,660 employees on the rolls in a pay status. We have increased that by only 161 or to 7,821 since that time. While as is the case in all other agencies, the Government Printing Office has been hard hit by the loss of trained personnel. Over 1,000 of its employees are now with the armed forces and not a single deferment has been asked for to date. Its organization is in good shape and the plant and facilities as outlined to you last year are at their best.

PRODUCTION SCHEDULES

The increase in the volume of printing has been handled without any undue delay in deliveries to departments, notwithstanding the fact that much of the printing relating to the war effort allows very limited time for production. A control system shows at all times the available

plant capacity for each operation, the work in process, and the amount of incoming work. The operations in the plant are scheduled for control at four points, namely (1) submission of proof to the department; (2) preparation for imposition of type; (3) completion of presswork; (4) completion of binding operations. On work let under contract a control is likewise maintained in this Office. The contracting printer is informed when he must make delivery. He is required to notify this Office (1) when he receives plates and paper, (2) when the presswork will be started, and (3) when the job will be ready for delivery. Through the continuous control of work in this manner, the Government Printing Office has been in a position to make deliveries on requisitions to departments at a rate of speed equal to or in many cases exceeding that maintained prior to the war.

ESTABLISHMENT OF FIELD WAREHOUSES

When the national-defense program began to get under way about 2 years ago, requisitions from departments and establishmentsnotably the military services and the war emergency organizations— started to increase both in number and size. Although the Government Printing Office anticipated a continuation of this condition for sometime, it was not deemed desirable to expand the plant facilities. Such action would have added to the congestion in Washington, and after the war, would have entailed dismissal of thousands of employees, and a disposal of surplus equipment.

The act of February 28, 1929, provides that such printing, binding and blank book work as the Public Printer is not able or equipped to do at the Government Printing Office may be produced elsewhere under contracts made by him with the approval of the Joint Committee on Printing. Pursuant to this authorization the Government Printing Office initiated a program of having printing done by commercial concerns whenever we were not suitably equipped to execute the work, or whenever the printing could be produced more economically elsewhere, or whenever it appeared otherwise to be in the best interests of the Government. Procurement of commercial printing is governed by specific regulations issued by the Joint Committee on Printing.

As time went on, more and more orders were placed with commercial printers and lithographers. The Government Printing Office furnishes the paper and plates. With the extensive facilities at our command we can buy paper cheaper in the large quantities called for on the semiannual schedule, than any printer can purchase it individually on a particular order. Our practice on the early jobs was to ship this paper from the warehouse in Washington to the printer, who, upon completion of the order, would reship the printed matter to this city, or elsewhere as directed. This practice prevailed on most orders, the only exception being that on large job carload lots were ordered for shipment direct from the mill to the printer. As a whole the arrangement was not entirely satisfactory. Aside from the extra freight costs incurred on shipping paper to a city and then bringing it back, we were often using transportation facilities sorely needed for military purposes.

To overcome this undesirable condition the Government Printing Office established warehouses in New York, Chicago, Baltimore,

Atlanta, Dallas, and San Francisco under leases approved by the Joint Committee on Printing. The warehouses are stocked with paper of the more common grades and sizes, to be available for printing contracts let in that area. If an order is large enough, as for example one requiring a carload of paper, shipment will, of course, be made direct to the printer. The warehouses furnish paper on small jobs and rush work, and receive paper left over on any job. With the exception of Baltimore, they also maintain vaults for storage of electrotype and stereotype plates. As another feature, personnel are assigned to these cities to inspect printing in progress on the larger and more complicated jobs in commercial plants. Formerly this latter work was done by inspectors traveling out of Washington with transportation, per diem allowances, and other attendant costs, now saved under the present arrangement. The recent curtailment order placed by the War Production Board on the production of certain grades of paper may necessitate some enlargement of the space in the warehouses for additional stocks, in order that there may be no delay in the military printing, but until that situation is surveyed the present facilities leased seem adequate for the field warehouses.

PROCUREMENT OF PRINTING FROM COMMERCIAL SOURCES

I outlined to you in some detail in my statement last year (see p. 173 of the hearings) the procedure we were following in the procurement of printing from commercial sources. During the fiscal year 1941 these purchases amounted to $2,127,000. During the fiscal year 1942 they jumped to $6,632,000 and for the first 8 months of this fiscal year, or from July 1, 1942, to February 28, 1943, $18,448,000. This work was placed in 41 States, 237 cities with 981 contractors on 8,859 contracts. In view of the method of selection followed, the close check-up used, and the fact that the Government Printing Office furnishes plates and in nearly all cases paper, the work performed by the commercial plants has generally speaking been very satisfactory.

CONSERVATION OF AND SUBSTITUTION FOR CRITICAL WAR MATERIAL IN THE

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

Brief mention was made to you in my statement last year as to some of the steps taken to conserve paper and material. Our Technical Division, which was created to perform work in connection with all technical specifications in connection with paper and all other printing material and to test all purchased material for the purpose of maintaining standards of quality, has intensified its efforts since I last appeared before you to find ways and means of conserving critical war materials. I believe you will be interested in a few of the major

items involved.

Paper: Unbleached sulfite pulp has been substituted for bleached sulfite pulp in amounts up to 35 percent of the total fiber stock in sulfite papers in order to save chlorine vitally needed in the prosecution of the war. Nonfibrous materials, such as clay, have been increased from 2 to 5 percent in replacement of chemical wood sulfite pulp in papers purchased by this Office.

About 60 percent ground wood pulp is now permitted in writing, machine-coated book, and mimeograph papers. These changes also save in the consumption of sulfite pulp. Wherever possible, lightweight papers are made to replace heavyweight papers; for example, in bond papers substance 40 is used instead of substance 48, that is, we have reduced the weight of a thousand standard sheets of paper 17 by 22 inches from 48 pounds to 40 pounds thus saving 8 pounds of paper on every thousand sheets of this stock used.

Ledger papers have been reduced from substances 80 and 88 to substance 64; index papers from 362 to 280; supercalendered book paper from 160 to 120 and machine-coated book paper from 120 to 100.

Other conservation measures taken include the reduction in the number of sizes in respect to blank paper, forms, and letterheads; utilization of both sides of the sheets in ordinary interoffice memoranda, in mimeographing, and in other duplicating processes; reduction of margins at the top, sides, and bottom of forms and letters in use. General economies have been enjoined upon the users of such papers. Ink: Castor oil, having been placed under complete allocation, was substituted by mineral oil in the manufacture of mimeograph ink. Tin cans for packing mimeograph ink have been replaced by glass containers and metal has further been conserved by shipping in larger containers, in quantities of 5-pound and 7-pound cans instead of 1-pound cans formerly used. Some conservation of tin cans for packing ink has resulted by the cooperation of Government departments returning upon our request empty cans which we clean for

re-use.

Bookbinding materials: All jobs of 4, 8, 12, and 16 pages, formerly stitched with tin steel wire, are now pasted with a newly developed paste, releasing such metal wire to the Army.

A job in point in which you might be interested is that of the Savings Stamp albums. Between January 1, 1942, and January 1, 1943, we printed and delivered to the Treasury Department a total of 200,136,760 stamp albums. Each album was bound with two wire stitches, each requiring an inch of wire. In these books, 33,356,126 feet of wire were used. A high priority is now required for stitching wire, not only because it consists of vital material but also because of the number of dies needed to produce it. Each die can be uesd for only one spool of wire. We advised the Treasury Department that it would be necessary for them to change the album format to eliminate stitching. We suggested a folder. They readily acceded in albums of larger denominations but insisted that the 10-cent albums be pasted. We wrote specifications and advertised for bids for the pasted album. Not one of the plants invited to bid would undertake the paste man ufacture, stating that they could not guarantee it to endure. Again we suggested a folder, and this time it was accepted. The use of the new format in the latest album order of 25,000,000 resulted in a saving of $7,500 in cash and of more than 5,000 pounds of stitching wire. Cellulose nitrate coated and impregnated book cloths have been replaced by starch-filled book cloths. This change released considerable amounts of alcohol, castor oil, and other similar materials for war uses. Bronze and aluminum leaf have been discontinued and replaced by ink in stamping of books. Cotton thread has been substituted for linen thread in the sewing of books. Headbands