IMPRESSMENT-continued. claim of Great Britain to seize British seamen in American vessels, rule of the United States as to the, of seamen, ii. 302 English statutes in reference to the impressment of British seamen INDEPENDENCE, wars of, i. 456 INSTANCE COURTS, part of the English Admiralty Court, ii. 416 INSTRUMENTS AND MUNITIONS OF WAR. INSURANCES, effect of declaration of war on, i. 481 of contraband, where enforceable, ii. 266 n. effect of Declaration of Paris, 1856, as to certain, ii. 266 ». on enemy's property protected by licence, ii. 374 n. INSURRECTION, of the Legations in 1859, i. 77 n. distinction between, and revolution, ii. 463 when justifiable, ii. 465 insurgents, how punishable, ii. 467 historical instances of punishment of insurgents, ii. 468 United States' army regulations as to, ii. 50 INSURRECTION, WARS OF, i. 456 INTERNATIONAL LAW, among the Jews, i. 2 among the Greeks and Romans, i. 3 after fall of Roman Empire, i. 6 sources of, i. 6, 50 et seq. effects of Reformation on, i. 8 pretensions of the Popes as to, i. 8 earlier maritime laws, i. 9 writers on, before Grotius, i. 10 et seq. from 1684 to 1713, i. 13 et seq. writers on, after Grotius, i. 14 et seq. from 1713 to 1763, i. 17 et seq. 1763 to 1789, i. 20 et seq. and preface customs, i. 46 rules of, how far obligatory, i. 48 et seq. remarks on the imperfect state of, i. 50 Roman civil law in relation to, i. 52 courts in the United States which have a binding authority in INTERVENTION, WARS OF, i. 459 grounds of, i. 460 et seq. rule of international law in reference to, i. 465 when justifiable, i. 81 et seq., 408, 465 remarks of Canning on, i. 82 n., 83 n. remarks of Lord Palmerston on, i. 83 n. remarks of Chateaubriand on, i, 83 n. declaration of the British Government in 1821 on, i. 85 m. principles adopted by the British Government at the Congress of Vienna on, i. 85 n. course adopted by Great Britain in 1840 as to Egypt, i. 85 n. remarks of Lord Mahon on, i. 86 n. course adopted by Great Britain in 1834 as to Spain, i. 86 n. humanity, when a ground for, i. 87 cases where, authorised, i. 88 1847 as to Portugal, i. 87 n. course adopted by Great Britain, France, and Russia, in 1827, as course adopted by Great Britain in 1860 as to Naples, i. 97 n. Italy in 1860 as to Umbria and the Marches, i. 97 n. IRON, when contraband, i. 261 n. ISLANDS, rights of domain and property in, i. 139, 146 law of the United States as to unoccupied, i. 139 Ligne de respect,' i. 146 the case of the‘San Juan,' i. 152 n. JAPAN, treaties with Great Britain, i. 345 n. United States, i. 345 n. British Supreme Court of Justice for China and Japan, i. 346 punishment of offences in British ship off coast of, i. 347 what trade with, is unlawful, i. 347 refusal of, to commercial intercourse, i. 405 JUDGMENTS (SENTENCES), effect of criminal, i. 196 foreign, how far conclusive, i. 197 to 199 foreign, how authenticated, i. 201 JURA MAJESTATIS, i. 127 JURISDICTION, TERRITORIAL, i. 135 distinction between maritime territory and, i. 137 of the United States, i. 140 of Turkey over the Dardanelles and Bosphorus, i. 143 of State over its citizens, i. 169 foreigners, i. 170 property, i. 171 over private vessels of another State, i. 190 British subjects in South Africa to what, liable, i. 194 #. JUS AD REM, i. 379 n. JUS ALBINATUS (Droit d'Aubaine), i. 160 JUS ANGARIÆ, i. 436 n. JUS DETRACTUS (Droit de Rétraction), i. 160 JUS DISPONENDI. i. 173 JUS EMINENS, i. 129 JUS GENTIUM, its origin, i. 3 after fall of Roman Empire, i. 6 rights of foreigners from the, i. 173 JUS IN RE, i. 379 n. JUS INDIGENATUS, i. 352, 374 JUS POSTLIMINII, ii. 83, 512 et seq. See POSTLIMINY JUS TERRITORIUM, i. 183 KHEDIVE OF EGYPT, i. 131 n. KIDNAPPING OR MAN-STEALING, ii. 192 et seq. KING'S CHAMBERS, THE, i. 140 KOSZTA, MARTIN, case of, i. 91, 357 LAKES, rights of property in, i. 145 LEGATION, rights of, i. 222 instances of rights of, accorded to pirates, i. 225 n. secretaries of, i. 274 what necessary to be entitled to privilege of, i. 274 n. LEGISLATION, general rights of, i. 153 extent of municipal, i. 159 as regards foreigners, i. 160 LETTERS OF CREDENCE, i. 301 LETTERS OF MARQUE. See MARQUE, ii. 14 et seq. LETTERS OF PRIVY SEAL, i. 425 n. LETTERS OF REPRISAL, i. 425, ii. 14 n. See REPRISALS LETTERS PATENT, i. 301 LEX FORI, i. 159 LEX LOCI CONTRACTUS, i. 155 LEX LOCI DOMICILII REGIT ACTUM, i. 155 LEX LOCI REI SITÆ, i. 154, 374 LICENCES, course pursued during the Crimean war as to, ii. 156 n. necessity of, discussed, ii. 161 et seq. definition of, ii. 364 how to be interpreted, ii. 364, 369 et seq., 375 n. general licence,' ii. 365 'special licence,' ii. 366 by whom granted, ii. 365 et seq., 374 n. for what purposes granted, ii. 366 how vitiated, ii. 368 et seq. how to be executed, ii. 369 et seq. whether assignable, ii. 369 enemy's property whether protected by, ii. 373 to an alien enemy, ii. 374 extent of protection of, ii. 375 compulsion how far an excuse for breach of, ii. 376 for importation only, ii. 376 whether retrospective, ii. 378 how appropriated, ii. 379 alteration of, ii. 379 how far a protection for illegal acts, ii. 379 LIGHTHOUSES, erection of, in England, i. 128 n. maintenance of, i. 142 LIGNE DE RESPECT, i. 146 LONDON, Conference of, 1871, i. 144 n. MAIL PACKETS, when exempt from ordinary process of a foreign tribunal, i. 131 n. during the war in 1793, ii. 54 n. merchant steamers carrying government mail, ii. 289 n. carrying enemy's despatches, ii. 323 the case of the Trent,' ii. 324 n. MARE CLAUSUM, i. 142 the Baltic Sea, i. 143 the Black Sea, i. 143, 144 n. inland lakes, i. 145 ligne de respect, i. 146 MARQUE, LETTERS OF, distinction between, and 'letters of reprisal,' i. 425 jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery as to, ii. 13 n. how forfeited, ii. 13 n. instructions issued in 1798 by the British Government to owners of proclamation issued in 1801 as to the colours, &c., to be carried by instructions issued by the United States in 1812 to commanders origin of, ii. 14 n. what goods may be seized by force of, 14 n. to what enemy applicable, ii. 14 n. course adopted by the United States in 1861 as to, ii. 18 n. who has the right to issue, ii. 18 issued by both belligerents to the same vessel, ii. 19 issued by allied powers to the same vessel, ii. 19 issued to a vessel of a neutral State, ii. 19 law of Plymouth colony as to, ii. 20 law of New York colony as to, ii. 20 treaty of 1786 between France and England as to, ii. 20 declaration of Great Britain in 1854 as to, ii. 315 n. MARRIAGE, how considered in different countries, i. 162 solemnisation of, by consuls, i. 326 MARTIAL LAW, national character in England, i. 387 the case of ex-Governor Eyre, i. 470 nature of proclamation of, i. 498 distinction between, and military law, i. 499 how to be applied, i. 500 conditions under which, applied in France, i. 500 in Great Britain, i. 501 in the United States, i. 501 the right to declare, i. 508 effect of proclamation of, ii. 452 n. English statutes relating to, ii. 452 n. case of Lambdin P. Milligan, ii. 454 n. remarks on, ii. 455 n. United States' army regulations as to, ii. 36, 37 MEDIATION, in international disputes, i. 87, 415 protocol to the Treaty of Paris 1856, as to, i. 415 n. proposal of Great Britain for, to France and Prussia in 1870, i |