TABLE X.-Estimated frequency distribution of private, nonagricultural employees by straight-time wage rates as of January 1944

1

The distribution excludes agricultural and governmental employees, professionals, and domestic serrants. All employees are included except in manufacturing, mining, and construction; in these cases only wage earners are included.

The mining distribution is gross average hourly earnings; all others are straight-time hourly rates. Most of the observations in this interval lie close to its upper limit.

Includes all persons over $1.30.

Includes all persons over $1.50. Includes all persons over $1.50. 7 Includes all persons over $1.70. Includes all persons over $1.90. Includes all persons over $2.10.

TABLE XI.-Profits before and after taxes, 1936-39 average, 1943, and 1944-134

retail trade companies

[Dollars in tnousands]

Apparel and accessories.

Drugs...

Eating and drinking places..

Food..

Furniture and housefurnishings.

1 Before crediting refund of taxes due to carry-back of excess profits: Apparel, $45,000; food, $404,000 in 1943 and $22,000 in 1944; mail-order houses, $640,000; and other retail stores, $154,000 in 1913 and 8280,000 in 1944.

TABLE XII.-Profits before and after taxes, 1936-39 average, 1943, and 194 134 retail trade companies

TABLE XIII.-Profits before and after taxes, 1936–39 average, 1943, and 1944

134 retail trade companies

[Dollars in thousand]

1 Before crediting refund of taxes due to carry-back of excess profits: Under $5,000, $18,000 in 1943, so $151,000 in 1944; $5,000 to $24,999, $272,000 in 1943 and $22,000 in 1944; $25,000 to $49,999, $136,000 in 1943 $174,000 in 1944; $50,000 and over, $772,000.

2 After renegotiation refund of $1,062,000.

NOTE.-Profits are shown before minority interest and contingency reserves, which ar deemed to be nonallowable appropriations from current income.

Source: Division of Research, Office of Price Administration, Financial Analysis Branch.

TABLE XIV.-Profits before and after taxes, 1936–39 average, 1943, and 1944– 134 retail trade companies

TABLE XV.-Percentage return on sales and net worth before and after taxes, 1936-39 average, 1942, and 1943

1 Net worth is the sum of common and preferred stocks, surplus, and surplus reserves. ased on the average of net worth at the beginning of each year.

Calculations are

* Represents food chains only. Since independent food stores are, for the most part, small and unincororated, their profits are not reported in the usual sources.

Source: War Profits Study No. 11, Office of Price Administration. Basic data from OPA Financial Reports, Moody's Industrials, and Standard & Poor's Corporation Records.

TABLE XVI.-Sales of retail stores by kinds of business, 1939 to 1944

TABLE XVI. Sales of retail stores by kinds of business, 1939 to 1944-Con.

Source: Business Statistics Unit, Department of Commerce, Aug. 8, 1945.

EXHIBIT 68

STUDY OF PERSONAL AND OCCUPATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF UC CLAIMANTS AND JOB OPENINGS IN THREE CITIES

Sampling

Prepared by War Manpower Commission

The following active claims study is based on a random sample of slightly over 10 percent of the claimants reporting in Atlanta, Ga.; Columbus, Ohio; and Trenton, N. J.; during the week of October 8, 1945. The study also includes a similar sample of claims filed and becoming inactive during the 8 weeks of August 4 to September 29, 1945. The job-opening study comprises a 25 percent random sample in Atlanta and Columbus and 100 percent in Trenton.

High turn-over of unemployment compensation claims

In each of the three cities, slightly over 40 percent of the persons filing claims since VJ-day discontinued their claims during the 8-week period immediately following VJ-day. Of the claimants who discontinued reporting, 74 percent in Columbus to 93 percent in Atlanta were eligible to receive benefits, but only 16 percent to 21 percent drew any benefits. Of the eligible claimants, 53 percent in Columbus and 77 percent in Atlanta discontinued their claims before drawing any benefits. Only 7 percent in Atlanta and 26 percent in Columbus stopped reporting because of ineligibility or disqualification.

Women predominate among claimants

Most of the claimants were women. They represented 60 percent of the total in Atlanta, 69 percent in Trenton, and 77 percent in Columbus. By contrast, the great bulk of unfilled jobs was open to men only. Relatively few jobs-12 percent in Trenton, 9 percent in Atlanta, and less than 1 percent in Columbus-were open to both sexes. Of the job openings restricted to one of the sexes, from 60 to 81 percent specified men only.

The significance of the concentration of women in the claims load is made even clearer by comparison of the actual numbers of women available for work as compared to the jobs open to them.

At the peak of wartime manpower shortages, the claims rolls included a large proportion of both old and very young workers. In Atlanta and Trenton, at least, this is no longer true. The majority of claimants in these areas now fall in the age groups in which earning power and employment opportunity are not generally restricted by age. More than half the men in Atlanta and Trenton were between 30 and 50 years of age; more than three-fourths of the women were between 20 and 45. Only 3 percent of the men in Trenton and 5 percent in Atlanta were 65 years of age or over, while 1 and 2 percent of the women in these areas, respectively, were 60 years or more.

Older claimants, on the other hand, are rather numerous in Columbus. Here as many as 18 percent of the men had reached 65 years of age, and an additional 34 percent had reached their fiftieth birthday. The average Columbus woman claimant, however, was like the women in Atlanta and Columbus, between 30 and 39 years of age.

A fear that unemployment benefits would discourage the return of young persons to school is not substantiated by these data. In none of the three areas were as many as 5 percent of the claimants under 20 years of age.