conductor is employed in the usual way, and extends from near the flame to the bottom of the body of the lamp, for the purpose of keeping the lard, &c., in a fluid state.

Claim. After disclaiming the use of a metallic conductor in a lamp, the patentee says,-"I claim the so constructing of a lamp for burning materials of the kind above named, as to combine with the said method of keeping the materials fluid, the means for tilting the body of the lamp in any required degree, for the purpose and substantially in the manner described."

23. For an improved Cooking Stove; R. P. Putrick, Lockport, Niagara county, N. York, Sept. 18.

The patentee says, "My stove consists of two principal parts, one of which contains the fire chamber, and two flat horizontal flues which extend therefrom, one of them from the upper, and the other from the lower, side of said fire chamber, said flues being so constructed as to be capable of sliding into flue spaces within the second principal part, in a manner to be presently described. The upper flue is furnished with boiler holes which may be used when the fire chamber is drawn out, or extended, but which are, at other times, embraced within a flue space in the second principal part. The second principal part consists of two ovens, one of them standing above the other, and having flue spaces at their rear sides, and above, below, and between them. The two flat horizontal flues of the fire chamber, slide in and out of the middle and bottom horizontal flue spaces of the second principal part, and when passed entirely within them the stove becomes a two oven stove; but when drawn out it then becomes a three oven stove, requiring nothing more than the applying of two doors, provided for the purpose, to complete the third oven."

Claim."What I claim as new, is the combining the two principal parts thereof by causing the two flues to enter and slide within. the two flue spaces in such manner as that when said flues are passed into the flue spaces to their whole depth, the stove shall contain two ovens only; and, that when drawn out to the proper extent, said flues shall constitute the upper and lower portions of a third oven, requiring only the application of two doors to render it complete; the respective parts being arranged, combined, and operating substantially as set forth."

24. For an improvement in Steering Boats; Howard Nichols, New Bedford, Bristol county, Mass., Sept. 18.

Claim. "What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by letters patent, is the method of steering boats by passing the oar through a ring of metal, which is connected with the stern of the boat by a double joint, constructed substantially as described, by means of which the oar can be moved vertically and horizontally." VOL VIII, 3RD SERIES-No. 4.-OCTOBER, 1844.

22

25. For improvements in Carriage Hubs and Axles; Henry F. Phillips, Skaneateles, Onandago county, N. York, Sept. 18.

Claim." What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by letters patent, is the employment of a tube, or thimble, of brass, or composition, on the arm of the axletree, so secured that the hub revolves upon it, while it is susceptible of being turned on the axle to shift the bearing part to some other portion of its circumference, as described. I am aware that the tube, or thimble, has been used on the arm of the axletree, but in such cases it has been permanently attached to the axle, and could not be shifted, &c.; therefore, I do not wish to be understood as making a claim to a thimble simply, but confine my claim, as above, to the employment of such a thimble when movable on the arm of the axletree. I also claim the method of retaining the hub on the arm by means of the screw box, in combination with the movable tube, or thimble, as described."

26. For improvements on the Combination, or Permutation, Lock; J. B. Gray, Fredericksburg, Spottsylvania county, Va., Sept. 18. This is, in the words of the patentee, "for improvements on the combination, or permutation, lock, which is opened and closed by the revolving of a series of rings that are connected together, so as to constitute a cylindrical body, and upon each of which there are numbers, or letters, by the arrangement of which, in a determined order, the opening is effected without the use of a key. Locks of this description are too well known to render a particular description of them necessary; and in my improvement upon them I have not made any changes in their internal structure, but I have so arranged the letters, or figures, and spaces upon the exterior of said lock as to increase the security against its being opened, without the necessity of rendering it more complex, by increasing the number of parts of which it consists."

Claim. "What I claim as new, and desire to secure by letters patent, is the dividing of the end plates of said lock on their peripheries, into a considerable number of equal parts, coinciding in size with the divisions on the revolving rings, either of which divisions, whether designated by letters, figures, or blank spaces, may be made the starting point in setting the revolving rings. And I likewise claim, in combination with the foregoing, the so constructing the revolving rings as that one portion of them shall require to be set by the spaces intermediate between the letters, figures, or other marks thereon, so as greatly to enhance the difficulty of opening the lock, from the manner of constructing substantially as set forth."

27. For an improved mode of manufacturing Figured Damask Hair Seating; Samuel Ross, Camden, Gloucester county, New Jersey, September 18.

"The nature of my invention," says the patentee, "consists in the introduction of an extra warp of silk, linen, cotton, or woolen, in ad

dition to the one in general use in the manufacture of figured damask hair seating.

"I claim the invention of producing a satin, or twilled, ground work, at the same time I produce a full satin, or twilled, figure of any color, by the extra warp, which, when combined, produces a full satin, or twilled, face on the fabric."

To be Continued.

ENGLISH PATENTS.

Specification of a Patent granted to JULIUS ADOLPH DETMOLD, of London, for certain improvements in the construction and arrangement of Furnaces, or Fire Places, applicable to various useful purposes.—Patent dated Oct. 18, 1843; Specification enrolled April 18, 1844.

The principal benefits anticipated from these improvements are, 1. A more intense temperature than is produced in reverberatory furnaces of the ordinary construction; 2. An important saving of fuel; 3. A better yield in the working of metals-or, in other words, a diminished loss of metal from oxidation.

1. Mr. Detmold proposes to make the fire-grate of his furnace much deeper than those in furnaces now in general use, so as to have always a very thick stratum of fuel upon the grate, thereby preventing the passage of any undecomposed air through the grate into the furnace. In ordinary furnaces, the depth of the grate-that is, the distance between the grate-bars and the top of the fire-bridge-is generally from twelve to eighteen inches, and rarely as much as two feet; but in Mr. Detmold's furnaces the depth of the grate is from three to five feet, according as the coal used is more or less bituminous. When a caking, or highly bituminous coal, is to be employed, he makes the grate not less than three feet in depth; for the use of free burning coal, four feet; and for stone-coal, or anthracite, he finds a depth of five feet most advantageous.

2. Instead of relying upon the draught of a high chimney for the combustion of the fuel, he forces the requisite supply of air by means of any ordinary blowing machine, under the grate into the ash-pit, which is closed by an air-tight door. The blast, he says, will cause the imperfect combustion of the "lower stratum of coal immediately upon the grate, and the greater portion of the gases resulting from this will be a combustible gas, namely, the carbonic oxide gas, which is invariably produced when the proportion of carbon is in excess to that of oxygen; the portion of carbonic acid gas, which is produced, will, in its passage upwards, through the superincumbent mass of ignited coal, absorb an additional dose of carbon, and will, thereby, also become converted into carbonic oxide gas; at the same time the carbonaceous gases contained in the fuel, such as carburetted and bicarburetted hydrogen, will be evolved, or distilled, from the coal by the heat; and thus all the fuel in the fire chamber is converted into

combustible gases, which will pass over the fire bridge into the furnace."

3. The combustion of these gases is effected by forcing amidst them, in their passage over the fire bridge, heated and compressed atmospheric air, supplied in numerous small streams, "thereby causing a rapid and intimate combination of the oxygen of the air with the. combustible gases, and, consequently, their immediate and perfect combustion, and a most intense temperature in that part of the furnace where it is required."

The body of fuel in the fire chamber, with the exception of the stratum resting immediately upon the grate, is never at a high temperature, as is the case in ordinary furnaces, but is kept at a low red heat, which is supposed to be quite sufficient to effect the transforination of all the fuel into combustible gases. The supply of blast (cold) under the grate, by which the combustible gases are generated from the fuel, and the supply of hot air for their subsequent combustion is regulated by means of cocks, or valves, which are directed to be so adjusted to each other as to effect the complete combustion of the gases, without having an excess of air in the furnace." "Thus, the effects of the flame in the furnace may be made at will, either reducing, neutralizing, oxidizing, according to the quantity of combustible gases generated, or the volume of hot air admitted for their combustion. The heat thus produced is more directly applied to the purposes required than in ordinary furnaces, in which the heat is produced by the imperfect combustion of the solid fuel in the grate, and where the metal under operation derives its temperature merely from the flame, in its passage through the main, or working, chamber of the furnace; whereas, in my improved furnace, the temperature in the fire chamber, where the combustible gases are generated, is quite low-but their actual combustion, and the intense temperature resulting therefrom, is concentrated in the very spot where the metals are placed for operation, and where the greatest heat is required. The loss of fuel, by the escape of unconsumed combustible gases out of the chimney, is thus avoided; and, as the combustion of the gases in the furnace is effected under a pressure greater than that of the atmosphere without, the loss of metal, by oxidation, in consequence of the air entering into the furnace, through the working door, or through any openings, or crevices, in the furnace, is entirely prevented." Mr. Detmold states, that "any kind of coal may be advantageously used in furnaces of this description; but that they will be found particularly applicable to the use of stone-coal, or anthracite, which has hitherto not been successfully employed for metallurgic purposes in reverberatory furnaces. He adds, that furnaces of this improved construction may be employed with great advantage in the working of all kinds. of metals, and that he has himself used them with complete success, for "refining, puddling, and reheating bar-iron, as also for the forging of heavy pieces, such as steamboat shafts."

A furnace constructed on these principles, for refining iron, is represented in the following figures:

Fig. 1, is a horizontal section, showing the plan of the furnace; fig. 2,

a vertical longitudinal section; and fig. 3, a transverse vertical section, showing the air-heating pipes in the stack.

A, is the fire chamber, in which the fuel is converted into combustible gases. B, is the grate, upon which the fuel is supported.

C, is the ash-pit, which is closed in front by an iron door.

D, is an opening in one of the sides of the ash-pit, through which atmospheric air is blown into it.

E, is the stoking hole, for filling the fire chamber with fuel.

F, is the hot air chamber, which is placed on top of the fire, or gas generating, chamber, and from which issue a row of blow