Pharmaceutical R&D: Costs, Risks and Rewards : Summary, 49. lapaDIANE Publishing, 1993 - 41 lappuses Analyzes the costs, risks, and economic rewards of pharmaceutical R&D and the impact of public policy on both costs and returns. Examines the rapid increase in pharmaceutical R&D that began in the 1980s in the light of trends in science, technology, drug discovery, and health insurance coverage; Government regulation; product liability; market competition; Federal tax policy; and Federal support of prescription drug research. 12 appendices, including a glossary of terms. |
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Pharmaceutical R and D: Costs, Risks and Rewards Office of Technology Assessment Priekšskatījums nav pieejams - 2005 |
Bieži izmantoti vārdi un frāzes
Alzheimer's disease analysis average biological biotechnology cash outlays cells ceutical chemical entity claims clinical research clinical trials competition compound cost of capital cost of R&D CRADAS DiMasi disease dollars drug application drug discovery drug's drugs approved Economic effective estimates Federal Food and Drug gene therapy genetic Hansen Health and Human health insurance income increased investment laboratories license market approval Medicaid ment million molecular National Institute NCES NMES Office of Technology orphan drug OTA's patent expiration patent protection percent period pharma pharmaceutical companies pharmaceutical firms pharmaceutical industry pharmaceutical R&D potential preclinical prescription drugs product liability projects protein R&D costs R&D expenditures rate of return receptor regulation regulatory revenues risk sample SOURCE sponsor survey tax credit Technology Assessment therapeutic tion Treatment IND trends U.S. Congress U.S. Department United vaccine Washington
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207. lappuse - In basic research the objective of the sponsoring agency is to gain fuller knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and of observable facts without specific applications toward processes or products in mind.
135. lappuse - biological product" as "any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, vaccine, blood, blood component or derivative, allergenic product or analogous product ' ' * applicable to the prevention, treatment, or cure of diseases or injuries of man...
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210. lappuse - NIH National Institutes of Health NIMH National Institute of Mental Health NINDS National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke...
181. lappuse - research or experimental expenditures", as used in section 174, means expenditures incurred in connection with the taxpayer's trade or business which represent research and development costs in the experimental or laboratory sense. The term includes generally all such costs incident to the development of an experimental or pilot model, a plant process, a product, a formula, an invention, or similar property, and the improvement of already existing property of the type mentioned.
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221. lappuse - Institute NIA - National Institute on Aging NIAAA - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIAID - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIAMS - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NICHD - National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIDA - National Institute on Drug Abuse...