California, admission of, 69; muni-
cipal home rule in, 76; discovery
of gold in, 313; labor clause in
constitution of, 372
Campaign, the presidential, 230
Canals, the construction of, by
States, 340
Capitation tax, 268
Census, 118
Chancery Courts, 181
Charity, a function of local gov-
ernment, 385; State boards of,
387; organization, 388
Charter, the Great, 88
Charters, colonial, 31; changed to
constitutions, 33; of cities, 76;
of corporations, 360
Chinese, cannot become citizens,
96; exclusion of, 334
Chisholm vs. Georgia, 153
Circuit Court of Appeals, organiza-
tion of, 149; jurisdiction of, 156
Circuit Courts (federal), organiza-
tion of, 149; jurisdiction of, 156
Circuit Courts (State), 178
Cities, the nurseries of democracy,
11; how governed, 76; rights of,
77; organization of, 218-222;
finances of, 292
Citizens, who are, 95
Citizenship, origin of, 6; inter-
state, 59; rights and duties of,
95-100; the civil rights of State,
96; the civil rights of federal,
98; duties of, 100
City Council, 219
City-state, the, 6
Civil cases, 155
Civil liberty, 87-93; growth of, 88-
92; preservation of, 93
Civil Service, the national, 143; re-
form, 144
Civil Service Commission, 143
Clay, Henry, 81
Cleveland, F. A., Growth of Democ-
racy, 16
Coinage, a function of government,
307; in colonial times, 307; of
gold and silver, 311-317; ratio
of silver to gold, 312; subsidi-
ary, 315
Collection of taxes, federal, 275;
State, 284
Collective Bargaining, 374
Colorado, admission of, 68; wo-
man's suffrage in, 105; local
government in, 196 ́
Combination, corporate, develop-
ment of, 361-365
Commerce, attempts to regulate,
46; regulation of, 129; foreign,
328-335; interstate and intra-
state defined, 337; foreign regu-
lated by Congress, 328; regula-
tion of interstate, 338;
state, 339; Court of, 154, 339
Commerce and Labor, department
of, 142
"Commission" system of muni-
cipal government, 222
Commissioner of Education, 357
Committees, of Congress, 125; of
State Legislatures, 163
Common law, State recognition of,
55; its origin and nature, 243
Common Schools, 356
Comptroller, duties of State, 173
Concurrent powers, 49
Confederation, 38; Articles of, 41;
its weaknesses, 43; efforts to
strengthen, 46
Congress (Continental). See Con-
tinental Congress
Congress (of the Confederation),
its powers, 42; enacts Ordinance
of 1787, 65
Congress (of the United States),
powers of, 129; admits new
States, 63; reënacts Ordinance
of 1787, 65; its place in Ameri-
can politics, 120; organization
of, 115-120; the assembling and
adjournment of, 123; sessions
of, 124; and the executive de-
partment, 136; determines juris-
diction of federal courts, 155;
controls Territories and Depen-
dencies, 184; declares war, 249;
the treaty power of, 260; its
power in respect to taxation,
272; its power in respect to
money, 307; charters banks, 320;
regulates foreign commerce,
328; and the representation of
States, 104; regulates interstate
commerce, 338; appropriates
money for rivers and harbors,
340; charters transcontinental
railways, 360; controls the post-
office, 341; the police power of,
395; enumeration of the powers
of, 402; resolutions of, 401
Connecticut, frames the first writ-
ten constitution, 32; in the con-
vention of 1787, 117; road com-
missioners in, 340; text of the
first constitution of (Appendix
B)
Constable, 207
Constitutional government, 31-36
Constitution (of the United
States), its authority given by
the people, 9; a fundamental
law, 33; framing and ratifica-
tion of, 47; a distinct creation,
48; nature and extent of its
powers, 49-52; how amended,
53; federal and State relations
maintained by, 60; bill of rights
in, 92; and the Supreme Court,
157-159
Constitutions, the first written,
32; general features of, 34; rati-
fied by the people, 35; supplant
the colonial charters, 33; the
safeguard of liberty, 36, 92
Constitutions (State), origin of,
32; how ratified and amended,
36; bills of rights in, 97; should
not be codes of laws, 166; pro-
visions in respect to labor, 372
Consuls, 258
Continental Congress, meets in
Philadelphia, 40; its activities,
41; issues of paper money by,
308
Convention of 1787, meets in Phila-
delphia, 47; frames a Constitu-
tion, 48; how it distributed the
power of government, 49-51;
provides for a federal legisla-
ture, 116; creates a strong ex-
ecutive, 132; establishes an in-
dependent judiciary, 147; gives
the taxing power to Congress,
272; gives Congress the power to
regulate commerce, 328
Conventions of political parties,
227-230
Copyright, 364, 402
Coroner, 199
Corporation defined, 75
Corporation tax, defined, 267; re-
form in the, 298
Corporations, two forms of, 75
Corporations (municipal), 75; two
classes of, 217; organization of,
218-222; sphere of their activi-
ties, 222
Corporations (private), created by
State authority, 360; great im-
portance of, 361; evolution of,
362; Bureau of, 367; the prob-
lem of, 365-368
Council, the King's, 5
County, the organization of, 197-
200; in the south and southwest,
195; in the middle States and
the west, 196; in New England,
197; commissioners of, 198; the
citizen and his, 200
County-Township system, 210
Courtesy, senatorial, 130
Court of Claims, 150
Courts (federal), four grades of,
149-150; kinds of cases tried in,
151; jurisdiction of the four
grades of, 155; their relation to
State courts, 181
Courts (State), organization of,
177-180; their relation to fed-
eral judiciary, 181; their powers,
181
Courts of Appeal (State), 180
Crime, 377-383; proportioned to
the offense, 88; definition of,
377; punishment of, 378; State
defines and punishes, 379; crime
and the federal government,
380; prevalence of, 381; preven-
tion of, 382
Criminal cases, 155
Criminality, 383
Criminals, surrender of, 59
Currency, metallic, 311-317; paper,
319; amount of, in the United
States, 326
Customs Duties, defined, 268; a
source of revenue, 275; amount
collected, 333
Education, encouraged by Ordi-
nance of 1787, 65; the State
superintendent of, 173; county
superintendent of, 200; school
directors, 213; a function of
government, 351; and democ-
racy, 351; a local affair, 353;
supported by local taxation, 354;
supervision in, 354; educational
activities of federal govern-
ment, 356
Election of representatives, 119
Declaration of Independence, 41; Elections, 344-349; importance of,
its principles, 91
Defectives, 387
Defense, 249-254; a function of
government, 249; national de-
fense, 249-253; State, 253; lo-
cal, 253
Delaware, hundred in, 210; road
commissioners in, 340
Delinquent property, 284
Demagogues, 14
Democracy, ancient, 7; in
United States, 12; growth of,
10-12; pure, 10; checked by feu-
dalism, 11; supported in cities,
11; and the individual, 15; and
education, 351
Democratic Party, 81
Demonetization of silver, 313
Department, organization of a fed-
eral executive, 142
Departments, the three, 24-29; in
England, 25; in the United
States, 25; the independence of,
Dependencies, how they differ from
Territories, 184; government of,
184-193; education in, 357
Dingley Bill, 332
Direct nominations, 231
Dispensary system, 395
District Courts (federal), organi-
zation of, 148, 150; jurisdiction
of, 156
District Courts (State), 178-180
District of Columbia, government
of, 188; courts in, 151
344; held under State authority,
344; casting and counting of
ballots, 345; secret, 346; bribery
at, 347; should be frequent, 349
Elective franchise, 103
Electorate, the American, 105
Electors, presidential, 132, 231
Elkins Law, 339
Embargo, 329
Emergency Currency, 325
England, representative govern-
ment in, 18; the three-depart-
ment system in, 25; Trade
Unions in, 370
Equalization of taxes, 283
Equity Cases, 155; courts, 181
Erie Canal, 340
Estimates, Board of, 220
Excises, defined, 268; source of
federal revenue, 275
Executive, the, 28
Exemption from taxation, 285
Expansion, of the Union, 63–70;
spirit of federal, 70
Expenditures, national, 265, 272-
275; State, 266, 280; local, 280,
286, 291-293
Ex post facto laws, 50
Family, the ancient, 4
Federal government. See Govern-
ment (federal)
Federalist Party, 81
Fees, 268
Georgia, early legislature of, 162;
election of judges in, 177; local
government in, 196; sale of li-
quor in, 395
Gerrymandering, 119
Gold, monetary properties of, 306;
coinage of, 311, 315
Government, defined, 4; the several
types of, 6; classification of, 7;
and the individual, 15; separa-
tion of the powers of, 24; the
complexity of the American, 39;
ideal schemes of, 246; how it
borrows, 288
Government, civil, and martial law,
254
Government, constitutional, 31-37
Government (federal), 38; growth
of American, 39-49; its exclusive
powers, 49; powers prohibited
to, 50; implied powers, 51; rela-
tion of, to the State, 57; expan-
sive principle of, 70; its relation
to commerce, 329; and elections,
344; and education, 357; and
corporations, 360; and labor,
371; and charity, 385; and
crime, 380
Government (local), the functions
of, 72; its relation to the State,
74; decentralization of, 74; its
dependence, 77; guaranteed by
Magna Carta, 89; importance of,
195; the debts of, 291-293; con-
trols education, 353; dispenses
charity, 385
Government (popular), 9-15; de-
fined, 9; growth of, 10-12; in
the United States, 12; why it is
the best, 12; the dangers of, 13;
responsibility under, 15, 109; in
New England, 19
Government (representative), 17-
22; defined, 17; beginning of,
18; growth of, 18; in the United
States, 19; principles of repre-
sentation, 19
Governor, the duties of, 171;
strengthening the power of, 174
Grand jury, 179
Greenback party, 82
Greenbacks. See United States
Gresham's Law, 312
Guam, the government of, 192
Habeas Corpus, 89, 98
Hamilton, Alexander, efforts to
strengthen the Union, 46; his
doctrine of resulting powers, 52;
author of The Federalist, 62;
leader of the Federalist party,
81; and public debt, 289; and
the United States bank, 319
Hawaii, its government, 189
Health, 391
High license, 394
High Schools, 356
House of Representatives, organi-
zation of, 115-119; legislation
in, 124-127; revenue bills origi-
nate in, 274; its attitude in ref-
erence to treaties, 261
Hundred, the, in Anglo-Saxon
times, 18; in Delaware, 210
Idaho, admission of, 69; woman
suffrage in, 105; labor clause in
constitution of, 372
Illinois, admission of, 66; minority
Indifference, 13
Individualism, 239
Industrial commission, its remedies
for the trusts, 366
Industrial revolution, 361
Inheritance tax, 267
Initiative and Referendum, 167
Injunction, writ of, 182
Intelligence, transmission of, 341
Intemperance, 393-395
Interior, Department of, 142
Internal revenue taxes, 268, 275
International bimetallism, 316
International law, defined, 257;
rules of, 257
International relations, 256-262
Interstate commerce, 337-339
Interstate Commerce Commission,
organization of, 143; its powers,
Interstate relation, 58
Iowa, admission of, 68; revision of
constitution in, 36; townships in,
211; registration in, 345; debt
of, 291
Jackson, Andrew, his use of the
veto, 135; opposes United States
banks, 320
Jay, John, quoted, 152; Jay's
Treaty, 261
Jefferson, Thomas, his strict con-
struction views, 52; leader of
Democratic Party, 81; reduces
national debt, 290; opposes
banks of the United States, 320
Judiciary, its powers, 27
Judiciary Act of 1789, 148
Judiciary (the federal), 147-160;
the independence of, 147; organ-
ization of, 148-151; jurisdiction
of, 155-160
Judiciary (State), 177-182
Jurisdiction, the several kinds of,
155
Jury, trial by, 89, 155, 179
Justice, Department of, 141
Justices of the Peace, 178
Kansas, admission of, 68; town-
ship government in, 211; regis-
tration in, 345; prohibition in,
Kentucky, admission of, 64; local
government in, 196; registration
in, 345
Labor, 369-375; growth of labor
organizations, 369-371; laws con-
cerning, 372; settlement of labor
disputes, 373; arbitration of la-
bor disputes, 375; problems of,
375
Law, 242-248; definition of, 242;
classification of laws, 243; pub-
lic law, 242; private law, 243;
common law, 243; characteristic
features of law, 244; and public
opinion, 245-247; sumptuary,
247; obedience to, 247; martial,
Legislature, its powers, 26; the bi-
cameral, 27
Legislature (State), organization
of, 162-167; its control of mu-
nicipalities, 76; general features
|