without power of alteration or amendment. Such approval may be made by concurrent resolution, and if approved by a majority vote of the members elected to each house it shall become the charter of such city, or if such city be consolidated with a county, then of such city and county, and shall become the organic law thereof, and supersede any existing charter, and all amendments thereof, and all laws inconsistent with such charter. A copy of such charter, certified by the Mayor or chief executive officer, and authenticated by the seal of such city, setting forth the submission of such charter to the electors, and its ratification by them, shall, after the approval of such charter by the Legislature, be made in duplicate, and deposited, one in the office of the Secretary of State, and the other, after being recorded in said Recorder's office, shall be deposited in the archives of the city, and thereafter all courts shall take judicial notice of said charter. The charter, so ratified, may be amended, at intervals of not less than two years, by proposals therefor, submitted by the legislative authority of the city to the qualified electors thereof, at a general or special election, held at least forty days after the publication of such proposals for twenty days in a daily newspaper of general circulation in such city, and ratified by a majority of the electors voting thereon, and approved by the Legislature as herein provided for the approval of the charter. Whenever fifteen per cent. of the qualified voters of the city shall petition the legislative authority thereof to submit any proposed amendment or amendments to said charter to the qualified voters thereof for approval, the legislative authority thereof must submit the same. In submitting any such charter, or amendments thereto, any alternative article or proposition may be presented for the choice of the voters, and may be voted on separately without prejudice to others.

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8

LIST OF BOOKS TO WHICH REFERENCES ARE MADE

"The Rights of Man. Lyman Abbott.

"The American Commonwealth" (Abridged Edition). James Bryce.

"The American Republic. "" J. A. Woodburn.

"The Spirit of Democracy.

C. F. Dole.

"The American Federal State." R. L. Ashley.

"The American Government." A. B. Hinsdale.

"American Legislature and Legislative Methods."

Reinsch.

Paul S.

"The American Executive." J. H. Finley and J. F. Sanderson. 9 "The American Constitutional System. W. W. Willoughby. "The American Judiciary." Simeon E. Baldwin. "Territories and Dependencies. W. F. Willoughby.

10

11

12 "Party Organization and Machinery."' Jesse Macy. "Proportional Representation."

13

J. R. Commons.

14 "City Government in the United States."' Frank J. Goodnow. "The City, the Hope of Democracy."

Frederic C. Howe.

"The National Administration of the United States.''
Fairlie.

J. A.

17 "The American City." D. F. Wilcox.
"Local Government in Counties, Towns, and Villages."
Fairlie.

"Introduction to Public Finance."' Carl C. Plehn. 20 "The Principles of Economics.'' Frank A. Fetter. "Introduction to the Study of Economics." "Financial History of the United States."'

23 "American Charities." A. G. Warner.

J. A.

Charles J. Bullock.
D. R. Dewey.

24 "Socialism. A Summary and Interpretation of Socialistic Prin

25

26

27

ciples." John Spargo. ""

"Government by the People. Robert H. Fuller.

"American Railway Transportation." Emory R. Johnson.
"Labor Problems. " T. S. Adams and Helen L. Sumner.
"The Liquor Problem.'' F. H. Wines and John Koren.
'Dependents, Defectives, Delinquents." C. R. Henderson.
"Readings in Civil Government." P. L. Kaye.

66

NOTE. Dr. Kaye's "Readings in Civil Government' is arranged in accordance with the plan of the "Advanced Civics,'' and it is strongly recommended as a most useful supplementary volume. (535 pp. $1.20 net. The Century Co., New York.)

These pages have been left blank for the convenience of teachers who wish to dictate to their classes supplementary statements in reference to State and local government.