EXAMPLES. EXAMPLE NO. I. As N fm A July 4 for Prof Samuel F. B. Morse Nashville the inventor of the Electric Telegraph you stand pre-eminent Sig Arago 10 W pd 50 SSS A EXAMPLE NO. II. N fm A July 4 for Andrew Jackson New-Orleans Frank lin established beyond doubt the identity of lightning and electricity Sig Lardner 10 W pd 160 py 110 Abr A EXAMPLE NO. III. N fm A July 4 for Morse New-Orleans Canst thou send lightning that they may go and say unto thee here we are Sig Job 15 W pd 240 py 165 Ahr A EXAMPLE NO. IV. A fm New-Orleans July 4 for Job A Call at any of the offices of the American Electro-Magnetic Telegraph Sig Morse 12 W col 200 SSS N 1. Wait a moment. NUMERALS. 2. Get answer immediately for-▬▬▬▬▬▬ 3. Repeat this name back. 4. What time is it? 5. Have you any thing for me? 9. Deliver immediately. 10. Keep your circuit closed. 12. Write the figures into words. 13. Do you understand my last communication? 17. Can't find▬▬▬▬ 18. What is the matter? 21. Ans paid here if not paid there. 23. Report is ready. A message for all. Be ready. 25. Write dots. 26. Write the alphabet. 28. Do you get my writing and where shall I go ahead? 31. Don't understand. 33. Ans paid here. 35. How many cups on? 41. Is on short circuit. 44. Answer immediately by telegraph. 64. What is the weather? 73. Best respects. 74. Put this in mail for 75. This message will be called for. 77. Are you ready to receive my message? RR Repeat. Py Pay. W Words. SFD Stop for dinner. SSS No more-Finish Signal. SFT Stop for tea. GM Good Morning. SFP Stop for paper. DH Dead Head-free. RDH Refunding Dead Head. St. Louis, A. Art XI. HISTORY OF MORSE'S TELEGRAPH.' THE following laconic statement of the history of the invention, is from the pen of Prof. Morse, and was prepared for the benefit of the United States Court, and was filed as an affidavit. Every word of the statement has been substantiated by incontrovertible testimony, which can be seen on file at Washington, in the office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States. The headings to the respective paragraphs are by the editor, and are not in the original, which is filed as aforesaid. The specimen of writing and its descriptions is also added by the editor. It is taken from a New-York paper of 1837. The statement and deposition of Capt. Pell, are also added by the editor. We publish the statement in answer to many inquiries made to us in Europe, relative to the early invention of Morse's Telegraph. Education.-I was a student in Yale College, in the years 1807, 8, 9, and '10, and in the course of the regular studies of that Institution, I was an attendant on the lectures of Professors Jeremiah Day and Benjamin Silliman. Professor Day delivered lectures upon Natural Philosophy, and treated of the subject of Electricity, but not Galvanism. Professor Silliman lectured upon Chemistry, and incidentally upon Galvanism. The title of our text-book with Professor Day was, “Institutes of Natural Philosophy, Theoretical and Practical. By William Endfield, LL. D. The annexed is a copy of the Proposition XXI., Book V., of said text-book, and of the examples therein contained, for illustration. The illustrations contained in this Proposition were shown to us by Professor Day, and we were made fami liar with them. Proposition XXI., Book V.-"If the circuit be interrupted the fluid will become visible, and when it passes it will leave an impression upon any intermediate body. Exp. 1.-Let the fluid pass through a chain, or through any metallic bodies placed at a small distance from each other, the fluid in a dark room will be visible between the links of the chain, or between the metallic bodies. "2.-If the circuit be interrupted by several folds of paper, a perforation will be made through it, and each of the leaves will be protruded by the stroke from the middle towards the outside leaves. "3.-Let a card be placed under the wires which form the circuit, when the circuit is interrupted for the space of an inch, the card will be discolored. If one of the wires be placed under the card and the other above it, the direction of the fluid may be seen. 4.-Spirits of wine or gunpowder, being made part of the circuit, may be fired. 5.-Inflammable air may be fired by an electric gun." Professor Silliman performed the usual class experiments and illustrations of the time; several of the salts were decomposed by Professor Silliman by means of galvanic electricity, separating them into their elementary parts: separating the acids from their bases, and precipitating the metals from their combinations; for example, acetate of lead, separating the acetic acid from the lead. I attended the course of lectures delivered by Professor Dana, in the years 1826 and 1827. He gave a very full exposition of the science of electro-magnetism, so far as its progress was then advanced. He explained it by many experiments and illustrations. I was on terms of great intimacy with Professor Dana. As he was a colleague lecturer with me, in those days, at the New-York Athenæum, I had frequent opportunities of conversing with him on the subject of his lectures, which I attended. He visited me frequently at my studio, and the favorite topic of conversation between us was electro-magnetism, a science in which he was an enthusiast. The electro-magnet which he exhibited at those lectures, and the first electro magnet I ever saw, was in my possession, being a gift from Professor Torrey, the successor of Professor Dana, who purchased it, with other apparatus, upon Professor Dana's decease. It was required in evidence in a suit in Kentucky, some three or four years since, and is annexed to depositions on file in the Circuit Court of the United States for the Kentucky District, at Frankfort, Kentucky. Painter by Profession.-I was a historical painter. I visited Europe in the latter part of 1829, for the purpose of studying my profession in England, France, Italy and Switzerland. Return to America, 1832.-I returned in October, 1832, in the packet ship Sully, Captain William W. Pell. I do not remember all the passengers, but I can name the Honorable William C. Rives and family, Mrs. Temple, Mr. Palmer_and family, J. F. Fisher, Esq., Doctor Hazlett, Lewis Rogers, Esq., Mr. W. Post, Dr. Charles T. Jackson, and William Constable, Esq. The Telegraph Invented. Shortly after the commencement of my return voyage from Europe, in the autumn of '32, before referred to, the then recent experiments and discoveries in relation to electro-magnetism, and the affinity of electricity to magnetism or their probable identity, became the subject of conversation. The special subject of conversation was the obtaining the electric spark from the magnet. In the course of the discussion, it occurred to me that by means of electricity, signs representing figures, letters or words, might be legibly written down at any distance. At this time the idea of telegraphing in any way by electricity, was new to me, and so far as I could judge, to every one on board the ship. So far as my knowledge then extended, I was ignorant that any one had previously entertained even the idea of an electric telegraph. Subsequent investigation has, however, shown me, that the first idea of telegraphing by electricity does not belong to me, and I therefore disclaim it; but in the modes proposed by me, I do claim to have invented an entirely novel and useful mode and art of telegraphing. All previously known modes of telegraphing were by evanescent signs. Had my invention rested merely in the idea, it would have been comparatively valueless; but at the same time I conceived a practical mode of carrying into effect my original idea. I claim then to have invented a new art. The art of imprinting characters at a distance for telegraphing purposes, and the mode and means of performing the same are set forth in my several letters patent. And I also claim the use of sounds for telegraphing as are set forth in my letters-patent. The idea thus conceived of an electric telegraph took full possession of my mind, and during the residue of the voyage, I occupied myself, in a great measure, by devising means of giving it practical effect. Before I landed in the United States, I had conceived and drawn out in my sketch-book the form of an instrument for an electro-magnetic telegraph, and had arranged and noted down a system of signs, composed of a combination of dots and spaces, which were to represent figures or numerals, and these were to indicate words, to which they were to be prefixed in a telegraphic dictionary, where each word was to have its own number. I had also conceived and drawn out a mode of applying the electric or galvanic current, so as to make these signs by its chemical effects in the decomposition of salts; and so also, to make sounds for telegraphing. Immediately after my landing in the United States, I communicated my invention to a number of my friends, and employed myself in preparations to prove its practicability and value by actual experiments. To that end, before the commencement of the year 1833, being at the house of my brother, in New-York, I made a mould, and cast a set of type representing dots and spaces intended to be used for the purpose of closing and breaking the circuit in my contemplated experiments. Want of Means.-But for the want of pecuniary means, I found myself unable to purchase materials for an instrument and the galvanic battery and wire, and was compelled, for the means of subsistence, to betake myself to my pencil. Painting for a Livelihood.-From the year 1832 to the latter part of 1835, my profession led me from place to place, affording me little or no time to experiment upon my conception of an electro-magnetic telegraph, although I never lost faith in its practicability nor abandoned the intention of testing it as soon as I could command the means. Professor of N. Y. University.-In the year 1835, I was appointed a Professor in the New-York City University, and about the month of November of that year, I occupied rooms in the University buildings. He Makes a Model Telegraph.-There I immediately commenced, with very limited means, to experiment upon my invention. My first instrument was made up of an old picture or canvas frame fastened to a table; the wheels of an old |