one inferior to the other, we shall call one the Oblong Magnet, and the other the Rotund Magnet.

A B are the helices or coils, the exact size of which are given in the accompanying diagram. C is the supporter of the magnets, tightly screwed on to the rear or connecting bar of the magnets, W. The ends of the magnet, Y, are rose-wood, ivory, or other suitable insulators. D is the movable armature, fastened to upright lever, E. The axle, V, of the lever, E, is above F, acting in screws projecting through lever frame, F. The axle has surrounding it a spiral wire, P, to perfect connection, in case of fault at the ends of the axle. M is the adjusting

to

spring; L, the adjusting screw; R, a platina point on screw H. Tis an insulator point, on screw S. I is a binding screw, tighten the adjustment. There is one, also, on screw H. These, being well arranged on upright, G, N, O, P, and Q, are the binding screws-O and N for the local circuit, and P and Q, for the main circuit. X is the point where the magnet wires pass down through the base, u.

We thus complete the description of this magnet. They are well made, and based upon the principles of the Register. The breaking of any one part can be replaced by the purchase of others that will fit in the designed place. If either coil gets injured, another can be procured. With this arrangement, there will be no necessity for continual re-supplying lines with magnets at full cost. Many times a magnet is laid aside, because a screw or coil is damaged. Such need not be the case in future.

We now give a diagram of the Oblong Magnet, showing the exact size of the helices.

PLATE V.-OUTLINE OF LARGE MAGNET.

THE ROTUND MAGNET.

This Receiving Magnet is smaller than the one just described, but answers, in the minds of many, the same ends. On a circuit of one or two hundred miles, we presume it is equal to the

oblong magnet, and perhaps better; but, on a circuit of great length, where the electric force is greatly reduced, scarcely sufficient to be felt by the most delicate series of adjustments, the increased heliacal auxiliaries of the larger magnet will, doubtless, prove more effective. We are now acting in concert with some gentlemen, aiming at a fixed point as to the requirements of circuits, and ere long we hope to be able to present to the enterprise important facts as to the kind of magnets each circuit requires to accomplish the desired end.

The coils a and b are arranged as in Plate IV., being attached to supporter c, with connecting bar w. The armature d or upright lever e, with axle v, acting in screws fixed in lever frame f. The spring m is steel, adjusted by screw 7; k is an upright standard. The screw s has an insulated point, and i holds firm the adjustment; screw h has a platina point, to cause good metallic and durable point of contact. The crescent g is a brass bar, acting as auxiliary to upright standard k, and greatly adds solidity to the whole. The binding screws n and o are for the local circuit wires, and p and q for the main wires. Atx the main wires descend through the base u, running under base to binding screws p and 1.

Plate VII. is a full-sized diagram of this magnet, and the outlines will give the reader an idea of the relative proportions.

PLATE VII.-OUTLINE OF SMALL MAGNET.

THE KEY AND CIRCUIT BREAKER.

The key given in Plate VIII. is arranged with a circuit breaker, which is so fixed that the faults of others are avoided. When closed, the circuit is perfect. It is not liable to wear and cause

a doubtful connection. We have seen much loss result from accidents of this kind, that is, the wear of the connecting points. The whole arrangement is designed to avoid the evils heretofore existing, and perfect every questionable part. The anvil of the key is well made, firm, and capable of hard wear, regardless of the adjustment of the key lever. The hammer of the key lever is also firm, and made of good platina wire, and securely made fast in the key lever. The adjusting screws of the axle are arranged according to the best mode, to secure the greatest good. The elevation of the key lever can be adjusted to suit

the operator, by elevating the key frame, or otherwise. We regret the engraver omitted to place letters on the different parts of the key, so that we might be more particular in the descriptive names.

PLATE IX.-KEY WITHOUT CIRCUIT BREAKER.

This is a key without a circuit breaker. Of course it contemplates the use of another kind of breaker-a button, a spring, or other equivalent. Among the best circuit breakers separate from the key that we have seen, is a sash spring, originally and first used by Mr. Eugene L. Witman, a very talented and superior operator, formerly on one of the Louisville lines. It is convenient, and of sufficient power to cause a firm and sure contact. We deem it unnecessary to say anything particular pertaining to the key represented by this plate, as what we said relative to the key as represented by Plate VIII. will apply to this also. Although the subject of the key may, to some, seem of little consequence, yet we know from our experience, that faulty keys have caused more damages than can be attributed to any other part of the machinery. The utmost care should be taken in preserving the key perfect in every particular, and unless care is taken to enable the key to perform its functions faithfully, the best of operators will fail to be comprehended by a distant receiving station. We could tell many incidents of keys, whereby losses most "sad and weary" have fallen on

"The old folks at home."

In the next number of the COMPANION we will give the price of each of the parts of the Register, Magnets, and Keys, complete or single, so that a company can, after once purchasing one of these series, supply themselves with duplicates at pleasure of any needed part to fill breaks or faulty members. The price of the whole will not exceed $60; that is, we have desired to place on them work enough to be worth that amount, confident at the same time they will be worth double the value. of any other series usually sold to the lines by manufacturers; though we do not wish to blame the manufacturers for presenting cheap plunder, as it has been the fault of purchasers, many of whom do not know the difference between a good register and a bad one; except, the one that looks the prettiest and