GAUGING

Is the method of finding the number of gallons which a cask contains, by obtaining the external dimensions of the cask.

Casks differ in curvature, and are divided into four varieties. To which of the varieties a cask may belong must be determined by inspection.

Divide diameter of head by diameter at bung, and find the quotient in first column of table, marked Qu. Then if the bung diameter is multiplied by the number on the same line with it, and in the column answering to the proper variety, the product will be the true mean diameter, or the diameter of a cylinder having the same altitude and the same contents with the cask proposed.

EXAMPLE.

Suppose the diameters to be 32 and 24, it is required to find the mean diameter for each variety. Dividing 24 x 32 we obtain 75; which being found in the column of quotients, opposite thereto stand the numbers,

Having found the mean diameter, we multiply the square of the mean diameter by the decimal .7854, and the product by the length; this will give the contents in cubic inches. Then, if we divide by 231 we have the contents in wine gallons or if we divide by 282 we have the contents in beer gallons. — Davies.

SIZES OF BOOKS AND PAPER.

The terms folio, quarto, octavo, etc., indicate the number of leaves into which a sheet of paper is folded.

A sheet folded in 2 leaves is called a folio.

A folio gives 4 pages, a 12mo gives 24 pages, a 24mo gives 48 pages, and so on.

MARKS USED IN CORRECTING PROOF.

WEBSTER.

97 dele, expunge.

@turn an inverted letter.

less space between words or letters.

print the diphthong, ae or oe, as a single character, æ, œ.

more space.

directs attention to a bad or foul type.

directs attention to a space or quadrat that stands up.

placed under words that have been erased, and which it is subsequently decided shall remain, the word stet (let it stand) being written in the margin.

[ begin a new paragraph; also, bring a word to the commencement of a line.

¶ begin a new paragraph.

tr.

1. c.

drawn under words or letters which are to be printed in capitals. drawn under words or letters which are to be printed in small

capitals.

italics, if drawn under a word printed in Roman letters; Roman letters, if drawn under a word printed in italics.

The other marks will be readily understood without explanation. The following abbreviations are also used in the correction of proof:

transpose.

lower case. Used when a letter or word that should be printed in common letters has been put in capitals or small capitals. w.f. wrong font. Used when a character is not of the proper size or kind of type.

8. c. or s. caps. print in small capitals.

Qy. or query. Used in case of doubt.

s. caps

For instance:

=

Λ

The highest value of affluence is the socal in- i fluence which it confers wherebд the possessor

# may becomeuseful to society by His example and 1. c.

Λ

M precept. nnany persons keep themselves poor by

lavish expenditures in hope the of being deemed tr. w.f. rich, and so on.

RATES OF POSTAGE.

Letters, per oz. (fractions same), 2 cents; must be prepaid by stamper.

Registered Letters and Packages, 10 cents each, in addition to regular postage. Postal Cards, one cent each. Circulars, 1 cent for

ounces or fraction thereof.

Transient newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals, when sent by other than a news agent or publisher, 1 cent for 4 ounces or fraction. Any other articles of printed matter, 1 cent for 2 ounces or fraction prepaid by stamps. Newspapers and periodicals to regular subscribers, when sent from office of publication or from news agent, 1 cent a pound. Regular matter for local delivery, when it is to be delivered by carriers, can only be mailed for 1 cent each for newspapers (excepting weeklies), and periodicals not exceeding 2 ounces; and 2 cents each for periodicals weighing more than 2 ounces.

All transient matter must be sent in a cover open at both ends or sides. There must be no word or communication written or printed on the same after its publication, or upon the cover, except the name and address of the person to whom it is to be sent, and the name of the person sending same. There must be no paper or other thing enclosed in or with such printed matter.

Parcel Postage. All articles of merchandise (except liquids, poisons, explosive materials, etc., liable to injure the mails), 1 cent for every ounce, not exceeding 4 pounds.

FOREIGN POSTAGE.

Postage to Canada, Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton and Mexico, 2 cents per one ounce or fraction.

Postage from Canada, Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton to United States is 3 cents per half ounce or fraction.

Postage to Newfoundland, 5 cents, prepayment optional.

and Victoria, 12 cents.

Letters to Great Britain, including Scotland and Ireland, and the Continent of Europe, British, Dutch, French, and Portuguese possessions in the West Indies and Africa, Brazil, Argentine Republic, Peru, Bolivia, China, Japan, Java, St. Pierre, Miquelon, Egypt, all parts of India and the Straits Settlements, Nassau, Aspinwall, Barbadoes, Bermuda, Uruguay, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Chili, and Sandwich Islands, 5 cents per half ounce. Madagascar (except Tamatave and St. Mary's), British mail, 23 cents. New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland South Africa, 15 cents. St. Helena, 15 cents. Newspapers to Great Britain, including Scotland and Ireland, and the Continent of Europe, British, Dutch, French, and Portuguese possessions in the West Indies and Africa, Argentine Republic, Peru, Ecuador, Chili, Mexico, China, Japan, Java, St. Pierre, Miquelon, and all parts of India, Nassau, Barbadoes and Newfoundland, 1 cent for 2 ounces. Canada, 1 cent for 4 ounces. Australia, New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, 2 cents for each paper under four ounces. Madagascar (except Tamatave and St. Mary's), British mail, 6 cents for each 4 ounces. Bolivia, 4 cents for each paper under 4

ounces.

Postal Cards to all postal union countries where 5-cent letter postage prevails, 2 cents. Canada, 1 cent.