plain weaving, shall exhibit the appearance of a pattern, or design, in divers colours, by virtue of the variegated colours. which were previously applied by our said improved method on the yarns, at different portions of the length of each yarn, according to a suitable and peculiarly regulated order of succession of colours, as aforesaid.

This being the case that the inventions are in so far similar, the patentees consider it necessary, before proceeding to describe the present invention, as referring to the former specification of Richard Whytock, that the nature and object of the present improvements may be more apparent.

It is stated, in the former specification, that "whereas certain yarns, which are intended for weaving patterned fabrics by plain weaving, have been heretofore rendered party-coloured by tying, in knots, parts of the hanks or skeins of yarns, in order to preserve certain parts of the yarns free of colour, when the other parts are coloured by submitting the whole hanks or skeins to a dyeing process; and also, by a more recent process, such yarns have been rendered party-coloured by printing them whilst they are in hanks or skeins; and the yarns, so rendered partycoloured, whether by dyeing or by printing, are afterwards arranged in the loom, so as to give to the fabric, which is woven therein, (by plain weaving,) the appearance of certain irregular and ill-defined patterns, in single or party-colours, such as clouded, speckled, mottled, marbled, and spotted patterns.

I wish it to be understood, that my improved method is formed on the same principle, and by virtue of certain mechanical arrangements for rendering the yarns party colored with a suitable succession of colours, and after the same are suitably arranged in the loom, (certain precautionary measures, hereinafter described, being used, in order to keep

up the said suitable arrangement unchanged during the process of weaving,) my invention will facilitate the production of regular figures or patterns, which will correspond with sufficient accuracy, to a previous and intended design; such accuracy and regularity has not however been hitherto obtained by the ordinary mode of dyeing or printing the yarns in hanks.

And whereas, certain schemes have been proposed by Messrs. Schwabe, Woodcroft, and others, for printing the yarns, by means of metal cylinders, with engraved surfaces, when such yarns have been made into warps,-I wish it to be understood, that according to my improved method, I do not print on the yarns when they are arranged in a warp, nor do I make use of engraved surfaces or carved blocks, with any feigned design which bears the least resemblance to the figures which will be presented by the woven fabric, but, with the same mechanical combination and printing implements, which I use for rendering yarns party-coloured, for the production of one kind of regular figures on the woven fabrics—I can also render yarns party-coloured, for the production of an unlimited variety of different regular figures, by only varying the order whereby I apply the different colours to the yarns ;—and, according to my invention, the warp for weaving is formed after the yarns are party-coloured,-whereas, in Mr. Woodcroft's, or Mr. Scwhabe's method, the warp is formed first, and the printing done afterwards.

This distinction being made, the patentee goes on to describe the method of printing the yarns; so far, therefore, the original invention of Richard Whytock agrees in principle with the present; only, as before stated, instead of the printing process, by which the yarns or thread were rendered party-coloured in the former, the present patentees propose to substitute a dyeing process.

The first operation is to cover a cylinder or an open reel with one or more threads of worsted or other fibrous material, according as the intended fabric may require, with a succession of convolutions, regularly wound upon the cylinder or reel, by means of a traverse or guide, on the principle of those used in filling bobbins of sewing cotton, &c., so as to lay the successive turns of the thread, side by side, upon its surface. When the reel is filled or covered with the required breadth of yarn, they proceed to secure these convolutions of the yarn, in the same regular order in which they are laid, by means of two wooden clasps, which are closed upon the threads at right angles, with and at opposite sides of the reel. The reel is then partially folded down, by drawing the clasps in opposite directions, to allow the coil to be removed, when it is laid flat, that it may be subjected to the dyeing process; that is, supposing both sides of the coil are to receive the same colours, in the same order; otherwise the coil is not laid double, for it may be coloured either as an opening or as a closed one.-We shall at present suppose the latter.

When the coil has been re-moved from the reel, the clasps, (which are intended only to keep the turns of the threads in their regular order,) remain until smaller clasps of thin metal are placed upon the coil, to separate the portions which are to be dyed of one colour, from those that are to receive a different colour.

The patentees have represented in several figures, an apparatus, by means of which the dyeing process is effected, but they do not confine themselves thereto.-They say, in conclusion, "we should state, that we have given certain definite and particular descriptions of the various parts composing our said invention, as regards dimensions, and the materials of which the various parts should, in our judgment, consist,-but we reserve to ourselves, notwithi VOL. XVIII.

2 E

standing such description, the right to compose the various component parts thereof, of different metals and materials, and to adopt other and different sizes of apparatus, as circumstances may require or render more desirable.-And we do hereby claim as new, and as of our invention :—

First, the mode of dyeing threads or coils of yarn, by our improved plan of cutting off the communication between the various parts thereof, and applying dyeing liquids to it while such connection is cut off, in whatever way this may be effected; whether by our method of using partitions and straps, made of copper, or any other contrivance, by which the connection may be cut off.

Secondly, we claim the mode of forming receptacles, pans, or vessels, composed of straps and partitions of copper, which, when put together, form water-tight receptacles, as well for containing the yarn or threads to be dyed, as for the dyeing liquids to be used therein.-And, lastly, we claim the contrivance of having a longitudinal metal plate, with slips of metal soldered or otherwise fixed on it, at right angles, to its length, for the purpose of forming vessels or pans for containing dyeing liquids; and for the reception of the slips of metal for cutting off the communication between such liquids, according to any previously determined pattern, whether such slips of metal be adjusted to their places by screws, weights, levers, springs, or otherwise; but we disclaim the use of the steam apparatus, being aware that it is not new, except for its application to the purposes of our said invention; nor do we claim the use of the reel or cylinder, neither of these being new,but only for the purposes aforesaid. And we hereby declare, that we reserve to ourselves the power of dyeing yarns by our aforesaid improved mode, as well without the aid of steam as with it.--And, lastly, we declare, that although we have, in this our specification, referred to certain

parts of the specification of the patent granted to the said Richard Whytock, on the 8th day of September, 1832, yet this was only for the purpose of illustrating our invention, and such reference is not meant by us to be understood as forming any part of our invention, beyond illustration.[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, September, 1839.]

TO JOHN HEATON HALL, of Doncaster, in the county of York, chemist, for improvements in preserving and rendering woollen and other fabrics and leather waterproof.-[Sealed 5th December, 1839.]

THIS invention consists in applying certain chemical materials, in the manner hereafter described, to such articles as are required to be preserved or water-proofed.

When articles require to be water-proofed, dissolve two ounces of pulverized alum in one pint of distilled water; then take one ounce of the dry white lead of commerce, and rub it well down in a pint of pure water; and when well mixed, add the two solutions together, and the undissolved matter subsides; after which, draw off the supernatant liquid, and pass the cloth, or other article to be preserved, through it. Or the following chemical combination may be employed:

One ounce of dry white lead of commerce, one ounce of pounded alum,-rub the white lead down in half a pint of water, and dissolve the alum in another half-pint, and add thereto two fluid drachms of acetic acid, then mix the white lead and water with the dissolved alum and acetic acid; then allow the precipitate to subside, and draw off the supernatant liquor, and pass the cloth or other article through it directly.