ensure the wheel running fair behind the nozzle of the harrow when turning; the second is an improved mode of connecting the staff of the fore-wheel with the lever, at the required length, to render the leverage power complete, in raising the tines out of the ground, or allowing them to enter at the required depth; third, the altered form of the tines rendering them stronger, with the two out-rigger tines added at little additional expence; fourth,-the altered situation and mode of adjusting the hindermost wheels; fifth, the adaptation of the out-rigger tine to work or remain inoperative at pleasure; sixth,—the application of cast-iron hoes, when required, to the grubber or drill-har

rows.

These are shewn applied to a grubber-harrow, the frame and cross-bars of which are generally made of wrought-iron, but they may be made of cast-iron or wood. The crossbars support peculiar sort of tines, which are called the dinotherium giganteum tines, from its form being taken from the front teeth of that extinct animal; they also support the two out-rigger tines.

These tines are placed before the cross-bars, and pass through them backwards instead of upwards through the cross-bars from below, as usual. From this circumstance, as well as from the curved form of the tines, the vegetable matter they meet with in the progress of the harrow, is pressed upwards and thrown off; thus the harrow is enabled to clear itself of all couch-grass, &c.

The depth, at which the first row of tines work, is adjusted by the regulating lever.-This lever has its short arm attached to the front of the frame, its long arm extending backwards to be within reach of the attendant, behind the upright frame or guide. The lever, a little behind its attachment to the frame, passes through a mortice in the staff of the fore-wheel, on which it acts as its fulcrum; so

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that when the handle of the lever is moved downwards, between the upright frame or guide, the frame will be raised, and the tines thrown out of the ground; but, when the lever is raised to the top of the guide, the tines will be working at their greatest depth.

The fore-wheel and its frame, turns upon a pin inserted in its staff, in such a manner, as to ensure the wheel running fair behind the nozzle of the harrow, in turning; and the staff of the fore-wheel is so connected with the lever, as to allow it to be lengthened or shortened, at pleasure, in order to render the leverage power complete. In soft land, two wheels may be used instead of one; in that case, the frame of the fore-wheel works on an axle between the two wheels.

The depth at which the last rows of tines are required to work, is regulated by a revolving handle attached to the axles, and fixed, by a pin going through this handle, to a quadrant-dial plate, fastened at the inside of the wheels. By the simple movement of this handle, upwards or downwards, the undermost wheels are brought nearer to, or removed further from the frame, in order to enable the tines to work at the requisite depth. Beside this mode of adjustment, the hindermost wheels are placed more forward, at the sides of the frame, than in the ordinary harrow, which renders it stiffer,-a great advantage in working strong land.

The out-rigger tines are fixed at the outside of the frame of the shoulder of the harrow, and may be put to work, or remain at rest, according to the stiffness of the soil, &c.

Cast-iron hoes are made to fit the tines of the grubberharrow, or drill-harrow, in order to cut the weeds under the surface.

The patentee also proposes a horse-hoe, or drill-harrow, which has seven tines,-the front one in the form of a

duck-footed coulter; and when working this harrow between the drills of turnips or potatoes, the cast-iron hoes, above mentioned, may be put on.

All the patentee claims, as new, in this drill harrow, is the cast-iron hoes, and improvement in the form of duckfooted coulters.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, October, 1838.]

TO ROBERT BEART, of Godmanchester, in the county of Huntingdon, miller, for his invention of improvements in apparatus for filtering liquids.-[Sealed 6th November, 1838.]

THE patentee says, that "his improvements relate, in the first instance, to a mode of filtering liquids, by means of a perforated piston, covered with certain filtering materials. The piston, in rising in a cylindrical vessel, produces a partial vacuum below; into which vacuum, the liquor from above descends, passing through the perforated piston and filtering materials; secondly,—the contrivance is particularly applicable to the making of extracts of coffee, for the table; and may also be applied, with advantage, to the obtaining of infusions and decoctions of many chemical matters."

Plate V., fig. 1, represents, in section, the simplest construction of the apparatus, adapted as a coffee pot;-it is of a cylindrical form, and has a perforated piston a, placed within it. The piston is connected by two arms b, b, to a handle c, at top, by which it may be raised or depressed. The perforated piston is covered with a closely woven fabric of cotton, woollen, or other material.

A small quantity of boiling water is first put into the

vessel or coffee pot, just sufficient to fill the space below the piston, which is to be slidden to the bottom. The requisite quantity of coffee is then introduced, resting upon the piston, and upon this the boiling water is poured, to make the infusion. The water being allowed to remain for a few minutes, soaking the coffee,—the piston is then drawn up by its handle, when all the liquor will percolate through the piston into the chamber below, which, by the rising of the piston, has been left in a state of exhaustion or partial vacuum.

As the piston must fit tightly into the cylindrical coffee pot, it will be necessary to hold down the vessel, by the feet bearing against the ledge or rim, at bottom, whilst the hand draws the piston up; and which, on being removed from the vessel, leaves the extract of coffee in a very strong, clear, and transparent condition, fit to be poured out into cups, on the table.

A modification of this contrivance, is shewn at fig. 2, in which an iron heater is placed, in a stand, under the coffee pot, for the purpose of keeping the coffee hot, upon the table. In this instance, it is not proposed to withdraw the piston from the cylinder, as above; but, when coffee is to be poured out, the cock g, is to be turned, when, by the pressure of the superincumbent air, the liquor will percolate through the filter, and allow it to run out from the cock, at bottom.

The patentee says, in conclusion, " that what he claims, as his invention, is, first,-The mode of filtering liquids, by means of moving pistons, having suitable filtering materials applied thereto; and, secondly,-The mode of applying filtering materials to coffee pots or urns; and wherein it is not necessary, excepting for expedition, to cause the piston and filtering materials to move, to perform the process of filteration".-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, May, 1839.]

To JAMES VARDY, of Wolverhampton, in the county of Stafford, gent., and MORITZ PLATOW, of Poland-street, Oxford-street, engineer, for improvements in making decoctions of coffee and other matters.-[Sealed 17th August, 1839.]

THE invention consists of a peculiar construction of apparatus for obtaining extracts of coffee, tea, and other infusions and decoctions; in which apparatus, the water, when boiling, is forced out of the vessel by the pressure of steam, generated during the operation, and thence passes into another vessel, having a filtering or straining medium within it. The water, when forced into this vessel, mixes with the coffee, tea, or other matters contained therein; and when the heat, employed for boiling the water, has been removed from the former vessel, a partial vacuum is produced, and the extract is forced back again by atmospheric pressure.

Fig. 1, in Plate VI., represents a section of the apparatus, complete;-it is composed of two vessels, a, and b. The vessel a, is cylindrical, and enclosed in an outer casing c, c; the vessel b, may be a vase, or of any other form, and is generally made of glass; other material will, however, answer the purpose equally well.

To the lower end of the upper vessel b, a tube d, is attached,-which, when the two vessels are connected, descends into the vessel a, as seen. The two vessels a, and b, are united at the point e, by screwing into one another, or they may be connected in any other convenient manner. The filtering medium is placed in the upper vessel b, at ƒ, and secured in its proper place by a pendant rod g, which is screwed into a small bridge, situated at the upper part of the tube d. The hollow screw, by which the upper and