Senator KENDRICK. No; I meant the other way. I meant to ask if the grades from Cooke City over the proposed road to Red Lodge are easier and better than those from Cooke City to Gardiner?

Mr. SHELLEY. Yes; very much better, because anyone who has been through the park knows that the grade over Crescent Hill is a very stiff grade. I do not know what the grade near Tower Falls is, but they unload there and take off part of their load, and go back and get part of it again. Senator HALE. How large is Cooke City?

Mr. SHELLEY. It would be hard to say what there is there at the present time. There are probably six or seven hundred people there. There are about four or five hundred people now working at the mines. There are three very active mines there at the present time.

Senator HALE. What kind of mines?

Mr. SHELLEY. They are gold and copper and silver and lead mines.

(Thereupon, at 11.45 o'clock a. m., the hearing was announced closed, and the committee went into executive session.)

COPY OF A REPORT ON THE MINES OF THE NEW WORLD MINING DISTRICT, COOKE CITY, PARK COUNTY, MONT.

[Montana Mining Journal for the six months ending November 30, 1889, second revised edition May 10, 1890, by Mr. G. C. Swallow, inspector of mines]

Cooke City is in the New World district, which includes many mountains and valleys intersected by numerous large, rich, and in some respects very remarkable veins and deposits of rich ores.

GEOLOGY

The highest mountains about Cooke City present a feature which, though common in this part of the Rocky Mountains, is seldom seen in the mountains of the Atlantic coast. Mountain ranges and spurs and peaks usually appear as if the central and highest portions had been forced up through the horizontal surface strata, leaving the latter fractured, tilted and lying against the side of the mountains. But in the highest mountain at Cooke City. the central and highest peaks have been forced up through the horizontal surface rocks as stated; but instead of tilting the surface strata, the disturbing forces lifted them bodily to a height of some 8.000 or 10,000 feet and left them in a horizontal position as before they were disturbed.

Another uncommon feature is quite obvious in these mountains. The horizontal strata which form the sides of the mountains are but little changed in their outer edges, but they are much more metamorphosed and fractured next to the basalts and trachytes, or ancient lavas. This is true of the Morning Star, Black Warrior, Homestake, Elkhorn, War Eagle, and many other mines. This class of mines is in fissure or contact veins.

Other mines in these mountains are what the miners call "blanket veins." They lie nearly horizontal between the rock strata. Others still appear to be irregular veins with vast pockets filled with ore, usually in or adjacent to the limestones.

Such is the geological structure of the high mountains known as Miller, Henderson, Woody, Republic. Sheep, and Red Mountains. These mountains are actually covered with hundreds and hundreds of mineral locations. Some have been developed as to show their value and prove them good mines, while the greater number have been but little worked and are simply bright prospects.

At the head of the Stillwater and Slough Creeks are some low, rounded mountains or foothills, called Granite Range and Limestone Range, which contain many important mines. There are also large areas on the headwaters of the Soda Butte Creek, Rocky Fork, and Clark's Fork covered for the most part with low, rounded knobs and ranges, which have been but little explored, though some minerals have been discovered in them.

Cooke City, the commercial center of the district, is surrounded by lofty mountains with pointed peaks and sharp ridges surrounded by rounded foot hills. These mountains to the very summits are intersected with numerous

mineral veins containing iron, lead, zinc, copper, and manganese, all carrying silver and gold.

It is believed that fully 1,000 claims have been located in this district since its organization.

This whole region drained by the headwaters of the Soda Butte Creek, Clarke Fork, Rosebud, Stillwater, and Rocky Fork, belongs to the New World mining district.

Among the mines and bright prospects in this district are the following: On Miller Mountain are Morning Star, Shoo Fly, Stump, Novorbis, Nellie, New World, High Ore, Washington, Volunteer, Alta California, Richmond, Ash, Uncle Sam, White Cross, Comet, Red Cross, Josephine, Talc, Monitor, Exchequer, Big Blue, Pine Nut, Balaam's Ass, Revenge, Yellowstone, Daylight, Rising Sun, Iceberg, Rob Roy, Silver Lead, White Lily, Alta, Chief Justice, Little Judge, Street, Bunker Hill, Sheol, Harrison, Nevada, Fairview, Albion, and many others.

On Henderson Mountain are Alice E., Unicorn, Homestake, Daisy, War Eagle, Forget-me-not, Bonanza, Mountain Lion, Hidden Treasure, Isabella, Rising Sun, Snow Bird, Mountain Sheep, Como, Rhode Island, Naragansett, Puck, New Year's Call, Ivanhoe, Little Queen, Sunnyside, Magnetic Iron, Longstreet. Silver Queen, Lady Henderson, Pick-up, Snowslide, Silver Wonder, Silver Zone, Leopard, International, Young America, Never Sweet, Diadem, Little Blue, Henderson, White Pine, Cleveland, Wisconsin, Highland Maid, Tiger, and others.

On Sheep Mountain are Silver King, Saturn, Warrior Chief, Orange Blossom, Little Kid, Longfellow, Idlewild, White Warrior, Borland, Golden Faction, Enterprise, Progress, Commonwealth, Traveler, Proctor Knot, Orphan Boy, and Golden Terry.

On Woody Mountain are Comstock, Eclipse, Queen Esther, Horrible Vermont, Plain View, E. C. Waters, Myrtle, Volunteer, Mountain Boy, Cache-of-Ore, Ore-of-Cache, Norway, Jupiter, California, Rosella, and others.

On Republic Mountain are Republic, Black Warrior, O'Hara, Greeley, Grubstake, and others.

On Red Mountain are Elkhorn, Isabella, Seg, Belcher, Boulder, Gela, Great Eastern, Bonanza. New Year's Gift, Melissa, Bull-of-the-Woods, Estella, Alabama, Elk Horn Extension, and others.

On Crown Butte are Talisman, Stand-off, Lady Washington, Democrat, Bogus, Ben. Franklin, Black Warrior, Bimetallist, Yellow Jacket, Crown Butte, Crownpoint, Extension, Jay Lode, Evelyn, and Washington Extension.

In Wolverine Pass are Bluebird and Cavern.

At the head of Stillwater and Lake Abundance are Stillwater, Monroe, Josephine, Moulton, Mammoth, and many others.

The people of Cooke County and the New World mining district belong to the men who have made the country profitable for railroads, and they hope that the railroads will speedily come to take their bullion to the eastern market at such cheap rates that they can afford to work out the millions and millions now in sight and yet to be developed.

WATER AND TIMBER

One of the features of this New World district is its extensive dense forests of pine, fir, and spruce, with here and there a patch of aspens, willows, and alders. From the tops of the mountains about Cooke City one can see a vast area of mountains and valleys covered with dark, thick forests, save the naked mountain peaks, and here and there a small prairie on the mountain slopes and in the narrow valleys.

These forests continue for 20 miles to the west down Soda Butte Creek and for 20 miles north along the mountains and down the Stillwater and Rosebud and for 30 miles east to Rocky Fork and Clarks Fork and south as far as vision extends over the headwaters of Clarks Fork and the east fork of the Yellowstone. Here we have a vast forest region covering an area of some 2,000 square miles, ample to furnish fuel and timber for the thousand mines which will be worked in this region.

But the timber and fuel are only a small part of the benefits these forests bestow upon this favored region. In the autumn of 1889, after the dryest spring, summer and autumn even known in Montana, the mountains and

valleys of this forest region were literally sparkling with cool springs and running streams.

Timber and water are prime necessities in mining. Both are now abundant in the New World mining district. Let all insist that the forests and fountains shall be preserved through the thousand years these mines shall be worked. If not, these glorious wooded mountains will soon be made hideous with blackened stumps, naked rocks, spring floods, and fountains and streams dry in summer and autumn.

EXTRACT OF REPORT OF A. L. WATERS, M. E.

November 15, 1906, he reported on 20 properties in the New World mining district as to the mineral contents, the value thereof, and probable tonnage, as follows:

NOTE.-By probable tonnage is meant the ore on dumps and estimate of ore in mines. Many valuable properties on the north and west of the district are not included in the report.

Smelter returns (the Republic Smelter) can be obtained to verify the above assays in the majority of cases.

We, the members of Yellowstone Council, No. 363, of the United Commercial Travels are of the universal opinion that the proposed Red Lodge-Cooke City Highway, over which a location survey has just been completed, will be one of the greatest commercial achievements and one of the most scenic routes of the West, offering unlimited advantages to the people at large and to the coming generations.

Therefore it is our desire to go on record publicly advocating and furthering this project in every possible way and rendering every available assistance: It is therefore

Resolved, That we give our complete indorsement to Mr. O. H. P. Shelley, to the merchants of Red Lodge, and to the citizens of the West toward the great work done in promoting this huge project. It is our belief as time goes

on that this highway will be recognized and known as one of the wonders of the West: Therefore be it further

Resolved, That the Yellowstone Council of the United Commercial Travelers feel it their duty to do everything in their power as traveling men and commercial representatives to give their undivided support and help in an effort to help accomplish the building of this great highway at the earliest possible time.

I

R. E. SPEED, Senior Councilman.

The CHAIRMAN. Anything further on this matter? Mr. SHELLEY. I think not. I think we have covered the ground. The CHAIRMAN. Senator Kendrick, have you anything further? Senator KENDRICK. I just want to say this, Mr. Chairman, not in answer to what Senator Walsh has said with reference to the opposition of the Wyoming delegation, but this general statement: go back to the original statement that my interest in this road was because of the friends and citizens of my home town, and their contention that this is the only available route out of their mining camp to the railroad. At first I did not have any convictions on the situation whatsoever. But the more I have seen of it, the more inquiries I have made, the more information that has been brought to me, the more I am absolutely convinced, in spite of anything that has been said, that this road can not be negotiated in the winter time. It is unnecessary for me to proceed here to show you, as you all know, that when these mountain ranges are enveloped in snow there are no places in which the road will be negotiable or in which the snow will be removable in any direction for any considerable length of time.

In spite of Senator Walsh's statement I have made every effort I could to induce the commissioner of parks, Mr. Mathers, Mr. Albright, and the Secretary of the Interior to withdraw their objection to this road, because I believe it is the only practicable route out of Cooke City. But no information that can be given me will convince me that any mountain range located in that particular latitude can be kept open in the snow storms that we have in that country. Further, as already stated, it is my opinion that the building of this road will foreclose any chance of securing another outlet for the people of this mining community.

Mr. SHELLEY. Senator, for your information I would like to say that Lewis and Clark County, of which Helena is the county seat, have just purchased some new machinery, and they are keeping the Great Divide open during the entire season.

Senator KENDRICK. What is the altitude there?

Mr. SHELLEY. What is the altitude between Missoula and Helena, Senator?

Senator WALSH of Montana. That is about 6.000 feet.

Senator KENDRICK. You see, there is a difference of 6,000 and almost 11,000, almost a mile difference.

Mr. SHELLEY. But there is a great deal more snow. Now, in the county in which I live-I live at Red Lodge-they have just purchased machinery to keep the road over the Divide open, and the pictures that were shown to the committee show that they can keep a road open through snow 10 or 12 feet deep.

Now, as I say, I live at Red Lodge, and I know this country far better than you do, and I would not be asking this committee to

appropriate $1,900,000 to build a road that would not be any more available than you say it would be. It would not be worth anything to us if the conditions were as you state them to be.

Senator KENDRICK. In case the Cooke City-Red Lodge Road should be built, it is manifest that the road from Cooke City to Gardiner should also be improved to the extent that when the former road is closed the latter will be available as an outlet.

Senator WALSH of Montana. Senator, pardon me a moment. I want to ask Mr. Winter a question.

Senator KENDRICK. Certainly.

Senator WALSH of Montana. Mr. Winter, I suppose you have had proposals from Mr. Brooks who wants this road from Cooke City to Gardiner?

Representative WINTER. Yes, sir.

Senator WALSH of Montana. Have you introduced such a bill?
Representative WINTER. No. We have had this here.

Senator WALSH of Montana. Mr. Brooks has been in correspondence with me about getting a road down there for two years. He has been in correspondence with you?

Representative WINTER. Yes, sir.

Senator WALSH of Montana. And you have not introduced any bill?

Representative WINTER. NO; I have not. I am prepared to do so. Senator WALSH of Montana. But you have not introduced any bill?

Representative WINTER. NO.

Senator WALSH of Montana. What assurance can you give us that you can get such a bill through?

Representative WINTER. I could not give any assurance, except you have admitted, yourself, that the natural and proper thing to do is our way. The question before this committee, therefore, is, Are you going to do the right thing, or do the wrong thing because the Park Service persists in its refusal to do the right thing? Therefore, I answer you the Congress and the committees in Congress are more powerful than the Park Service, and, therefore, should and will do the right thing. That is the assurance I give.

Senator WALSH of Montana. I asked you, did you have the same correspondence from Mr. Brooks as I have had for the past two years?

Representative WINTER. Yes, sir.

Senator WALSH of Montana. Why did you not introduce the bill in the House? Now, did you neglect to do it because you thought it was perfectly hopeless to get it through?

Representative WINTER. No.

Senator WALSH of Montana. What was your reason?

Representative WINTER. The reason, as you must know, is that the Park Service, the people, and Congress must be educated on this matter; the public, to induce them to see it.

Senator WALSH of Montana. What have you done in the last two years to educate the people?

Representative WINTER. I have endeavored to argue with the Park Service relative to the matter.