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which can be produced in normal usage for consumption of the raw material that is in it.

It should be emphasized, too, that the key to the whole thing is deception, and I think our discussion has perhaps clarified the intended scope of (c) (6).

Again, Mr. Kinney, you have been helpful. I hope you will leave those packages.

Mr. KINNEY. I certainly will.

Senator HART. The legislative representative of the National Fisheries Institute, Charles E. Jackson, who was sitting with Mr. Kinney, has filed a statement and we welcome receiving it.

STATEMENT OF CHARLES E. JACKSON, LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATIVE, NATIONAL FISHERIES INSTITUTE, WASHINGTON, D.C.

Mr. JACKSON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

My name is Charles E. Jackson. I am the legislative representative of the National Fisheries Institute of Washington, D.C., a trade association of 472 member firms engaged in the production, processing, and distribution of fish and shellfish for human food and for the production and processing of fish for poultry and animal feeding and other industrial purposes.

Our membership has been kept informed on S. 387 and similar bills introduced in the 87th Congress. Many of them, particularly those engaged in processing, have carefully studied S. 387 and the possible effect the adoption of such legislation would have on their operations. Without exception they have expressed the opinion that existing laws are adequate not only to meet recent consumer complaints, but to protect consumer interests if sufficient appropriations and personnel are made available to the Food and Drug Administration and other responsible agencies.

Previous witnesses have acknowledged that due to the rapid changes in marketing of grocery items through self-service outlets, that some abuses have developed in packaging and labeling.

Considering the increase in packaged items in the average supermarket from some 1,500 to 7,500 items within a 10-year period, the lack of experience in this new field of merchandising, coupled with inadequate personnel of the Food and Drug Administration and other Government agencies, the number of consumer complaints on packag ing and labeling have been relatively few.

Previous witnesses have also testified that manufacturers have voluntarily corrected many of the abuses referred to in your committee hearings and others are in the process of correction. Manufacturers and food trade associations have demonstated their determination to cater to the wishes and needs of the consumer.

Continuous movement of packaged foods off the shelves of the marketplace are vital to the manufacturers. Consumer desires provide the necessary incentive for manufacturers, and voluntary action by the latter has been and will continue to be the most effective way to correct these abuses.

The National Fisheries Institute is proud of its record in improv ing the quality of fish products. Since the founding of the organiza

tion in 1945, more progress has been made in improving the qualty of fresh and frozen fish and shellfish products than in any previous period of time. This has been accomplished through voluntary cooperation between the industry and Government agencies.

Under a provision of the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, our industry has requested and helped developed a U.S. grade standard for frozen fried fish sticks and for 11 other U.S. standards for frozen-fish products.

I have attached a complete list at the end of the statement.

These have been promulgated by the U.S. Department of Interior We have asked for many more standards. They are and will be developed as rapidly as that agency can do the job with the money and personnel available.

Our industry is using these standards, and many frozen-fish processors are operating under the watchful eye of Government fishery inspectors. The industry bears the expense of this Government inspection. Thus, consumers are assured top quality frozen-fish products. About 4 years ago, the producers of breaded shrimp asked that a standard of identity be issued by the Food and Drug Administration. They were advised to prepare and submit a proposal. This was done nearly 3 years ago. So far a standard of identity has not been promulgated, much less enforced. We understand the delay is almost wholly due to the fact that the Food and Drug Administration has not sufficient staff to consider the proposal and comments thoroughly and to revise it accordingly. This is another example of adequate law but inadequate personnel of a Government agency.

I would not want my remarks to be construed as critical of the Food and Drug Administration. They are doing the best they can with what they have to work with.

Mr. Chairman, in reviewing the testimony submitted to your committee in the 87th Congress, and again in the present Congress, we come to the conclusion that the views of the fishing industry are substantially the same as other food industry witnesses who believe that the present Federal laws on packaging and labeling are adequate. Further reiteration of these opinions would only burden the record and consume unnecessary time of the committee.

We appreciate the opportunity to be heard and respectfully request that the views of the National Fisheries Institute be recorded in opposition to S. 387 for the reasons stated.

Thank you.

Senator HART. Thank you very much, Mr. Jackson.

As you were reading, I noted reference to the list. I did not realize. that it followed your statement.

Mr. JACKSON. Yes.

Senator HART. It will be made a part of the record. (The list referred to follows:)

U.S. GRADE STANDARDS FOR FROZEN FISH PRODUCTS

U.S. standards for grades of frozen fried fish sticks.
U.S. standards for grades of frozen raw breaded shrimp.
U.S. standards for grades of frozen fish blocks.
U.S. standards for grades of frozen haddock fillets.

U.S. standards for grades of frozen halibut steaks.

U.S. standards for grades of frozen raw breaded fish portions.

U.S. standards for grades of frozen cod fillets.

U.S. standards for grades of frozen salmon steaks.

U.S. standards for grades of frozen raw headless shrimp.

U.S. standards for grades of frozen ocean perch fillets.

U.S. standards for grades of frozen fried scallops.

U.S. standards for grades of frozen sole and flounder fillets.

Senator HART. Mr. Cohen.

Mr. COHEN. I have no questions.
Senator HART. Mr. Chumbris.

Mr. CHUMBRIS. I have no questions.
Senator HART. Mr. Raitt.
Mr. RAITT. No questions.
Senator HART. Mr. Clifford.
Mr. CLIFFORD. No questions.
Senator HART. Mrs. Goodwin.
Mrs. GOODWIN. No questions.

Senator HART. Sir, we appreciate your appearance and thank you for your patience.

Mr. JACKSON. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.

Senator HART. The concluding witness scheduled for today, and it is certainly understandable in light of the interrupted schedule we found ourselves following today, is not here at the moment.

Having been advised by the committee office that he should feel free to go out for lunch, it occurs to me, if there is no objection, we could receive for the record several statements which counsel will identify and then permit me a closing note here, it being clear that the only action to be resumed later this afternoon would be the testimony from the witness whom I mentioned and now identify as Roy Clarkson who is listed as our last witness.

Mr. COHEN. Mr. Chairman, we have a letter from the United Fresh Fruit & Vegetable Association opposing S. 387 as it would apply to the fresh fruit and vegetable industry.

We have a resolution from the Ladies' Auxiliary to the International Association of Machinists supporting the measure.

We have an article from the Kansas State University Agricultural Student by Richard L. D. Morse, favoring the legislation.

We have a statement from the American Paper & Pulp Association opposing the legislation.

We have a letter from the Tea Association of the United States of America, Inc., opposing the legislation.

And we have a resolution from the International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite, & Paper Mill Workers endorsing the packaging bill, and it has also been suggested that we put into the record the pamphlet to which you made reference this morning, "It's What Inside That Counts," issued by the Industrial Union Department, AFL-CIO.

Senator HART. Today's session does not bring to a close our hearings on S. 387 but it does conclude those thus far scheduled for the month of March. I am attempting to arrange further hearing dates in April to accommodate witnesses whom we were not able to accommodate at this series of hearings.

Because it is necessary to close the door at some time, I do want to note on the record that the door will be closed Wednesday, March 27. I have given notice we were attempting to arrange April hearings for those who already have or will request opportunity to be heard in April, and that request will have to be received before March 27.

The legislative process, relying heavily as it does on hearings, oftentimes has been criticized as time consuming and inefficient. I would not always want to dispute that assertion. My experience in these hearings nevertheless, has taught me the supreme value of this hearing method of providing Congress with information.

The complaint is that witnesses and their questioners are tempted to talk at undue length. However, true this may be of the questioner, our experience has taught me that the witnesses have testified with remarkable economy. Let us consider what has been done.

Turning away completely from whether we approve or oppose the bill, in this necessarily complex field, representatives of Government, industry, labor, consumer groups, attorneys, and economists have given the committee, and ultimately to the country, the benefit of their experience, their informed judgment, and indeed their strong convictions. Regardless of whether one likes what the record says, this is inescapable-facts, explanations, arguments are now on record. We shall hear others of our fellow citizens in the remaining days and the shadings of their testimony will give us further help. We shall be in a position to find our way on a path that now has been cleared of at least some of the obstacles.

(The letters and resolutions referred to may be found beginning on p. 532.)

Senator HART. We will recess until 3 p.m.

(Whereupon, at 1: 20 p.m., the committee stood in recess, to reconvene at 3 p.m., the same day.)

AFTERNOON SESSION

Senator HART. The committee will be in order.

As I indicated, when we recessed shortly after noon, we return to hear the last witness scheduled for today, Mr. Roy Clarkson, of Dandridge, Tenn.

Mr. Clarkson, Senator Kefauver is another person who has been inconvenienced by the irregularity of the schedule today. He had hoped very much to be here personally to introduce you, and he asked me to express to you his regrets and the hope that you would understand that the schedule has been as difficult for him as it has been for us. Mr. CLARKSON. I understand. Thank you very much.

Senator HART. Mr. Clarkson, you go right ahead with your prepared statement and we welcome any comments you have to make. STATEMENT OF ROY CLARKSON, ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT, BUSH BROS. & CO., DANDRIDGE, TENN.

Mr. CLARKSON. Thank you very much.

Good evening, Senator Hart. I am Roy Clarkson, employed by Bush Bros. & Co., Dandridge, Tenn., in administration management. May I be privileged to tell you a little something of the enterpriseBush Bros. & Co., vegetable canners.

The vegetable cannery known today as Bush Bros. had its begining in 1908, being founded by a hardy Tennessee mountaineer named Andrew Jackson Bush, with kindness in his heart and a Christian spirit towards all.

The present executive offices of the headquarters plant of the multiplant operations of Bush Bros. & Co. sits today in the same location in which it had its humble beginning ***out from Dandridge, Tenn., in the village called Chestnut Hill *** generally in the Great Smoky Mountain area known to millions of people.

Andrew Jackson Bush, more affectionately known throughout his lifetime by his hundreds of friends as Uncle Jack Bush, founded the cannery as a Christian service for his fellow men.

Uncle Jack, in an effort to increase his meager income as a school teacher and to support his oncoming family of 6 children-4 boys and 2 girls-founded a small country grocery store and sold the staples of life to the small group of people who lived in the area, and also to the drummers who rode horseback into the mountain country making their sales calls.

At that early date at the turn of the century, practically every homestead had its own vegetable garden for sustenance and a prolific crop of tomatoes was usually the large harvest-far beyond the personal food needs of the family and therefore an excellent choice for them to try to sell as their "cash" crop.

The problem soon became apparent, however, to Uncle Jack Bush. Since all families had their own tomatoes for their personal needs and thus were not prospects for buying the crop available in abundance to them from their neighbors, there was no local market.

Further, the only sizable market for tomatoes was Knoxville, some 40 miles to the west, and the travail of travel in the early 1900's couldn't cope with delivering the fresh tomatoes to the Knoxville market before they would spoil. The crop, and only source of a cash income, was spoiling in the fields and about to be called operations

failure.

Then was founded the keystone on which Uncle Jack Bush built first a monument of lifetime service to his fellow men-a full life dedicated to Christian action and not just lipservice, a dedication through his lifetime of truth, fairness, and help to all who needed help and secondly he built the solid rock of a successful business. Uncle Jack Bush saved the tomatoes and the cash crop for his neighbors. Through careful study of all the available facts then known of preserving foods through canning, he started a small cannery in the back room of his country store, and by hard work and ingenuity was able in a relatively short time to accept the entire tomato crop that was available-canning the crop and doing it so well that the sales demand for Uncle Jack Bush's canned tomatoes was being felt in an ever-widening circle, and thus the greater good for the greater number was firmly established in this humble beginning and is the bedrock on which the present Bush Bros., vegetable canners, has so firmly built through the years.

In the intervening years since founding the company, Uncle Jack arranged for the canning business to be taken over and directed by his four able sons-Fred Bush, Alger Bush, Burnett Bush, Claude Bush, and sons-in-law Shell Clevenger and Jim Ethier. Thus Bush Bros. & Co. was incorporated under the laws of Tennessee in 1922 *** and today Bush Bros. operates five plants-two in Tennessee, two in Wisconsin, and one in Arkansas.

Tragedy in the passing years has taken its toll. Bush Bros. & Co. lost three of its executive officers all within a few months of each

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