became the fierce antagonist of Philip in defence of Protestantism, and finally, after vanquishing the Spaniards, created the Union of Utrecht, the basis of the Dutch Republic. He was assassinated æt. 51. He married four times; was father of Maurice of Nassau, grandfather of Turenne, and great-grandfather of our William III. g. Maurice, Elector of Saxony; great military genius. n. (half-brother's son.) Turenne, the great French general. See. NS. William III., Stadtholder, and King of England. He was an able general in Holland æt. 22, and then, partly by virtue of his marriage, became King of England, and was the ablest monarch we ever possessed. He was cold and taciturn, but singularly clear-sighted, steadfast, and courageous. He was a seven months' child. Died æt. 52, from an accident when riding. Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. The ablest general and most consummate statesman of his time. He in- prove himself a master of the art of war. He was singularly cool in danger, and had more head than heart, for he was selfish and calculating. He had one son, who died very young, and four daughters. 1. James Fitzjames, duke of Berwick. See BERWICK. "A commander of renown, only less illustrious than his maternal uncle." UP. Sir J. Churchill, Judge, M. R. (James II.) Moore, Sir John. One of the most distinguished British officers. of modern times; commanded the reserve of the British army in Egypt, æt. 40; was killed in battle at Corunna, æt. 48. He was a man of chivalrous courage. F. Dr. John Moore, a well-known miscellaneous writer, "Zeluco," &c. A man of high morals, shrewd in his remarks, and of a caustic humour. B. Admiral Sir Graham Moore, G.C.B., &c. [S.] Captain John Moore, R.N.; distinguished himself in com mand of the Highflyer in the Crimean War, and was private secretary to the Duke of Somerset when First Lord of the Admiralty. Napier, Sir Charles; general; conqueror of Scinde. The most eminent member of a very eminent military family. GGF. Napier of Merchistoun, inventor of logarithms. F. Colonel Napier; was himself cast in the true heroic mould. He had uncommon powers of mind and body; had scientific tastes and ability; was Superintendent of Woolwich Laboratory and Comptroller of Army Accounts. uS. Right Hon. Charles James Fox, statesman and orator. See Fox for his numerous gifted relatives. B. General Sir William Napier, historian of the Peninsular War. B. General Sir George Napier, Governor of the Cape; was offered in 1849 the command of the Piedmontese army, which he declined. [2B.] There were two other brothers, Richard, Q.C., and Henry, Captain, R.N., who might fairly be also adduced, as examples of inherited genius. US. Admiral Sir Charles Napier; distinguished for gallantry in his youth in the French War, afterwards in Portugal, then at the Siege of Acre. When broken in health, he was made Commander-in-Chief of the Baltic Fleet in the Russian War. Lord Napier, the diplomatist, is another able relative. Mem. Lord Napier of Magdala is not a relative of this family. Napoleon I. See BONAPARTE. Nelson, Lord; admiral. The greatest naval hero of England. He had neither a strong frame nor a hardy constitution when a boy. He had won all his victories, and was killed, æt. 47. His remarkable relationships are distant, but worthy of record; they are [g] Maurice Suckling, D.D., Prebendary of Westminster. uP. Lord Cranworth, Lord Chancellor. gu. (Mother's mother's uncle.) Sir Robert Walpole. See. Philip of Macedonia. See under ALEXANDER. S. Alexander the Great. S. Ptolemy I. of Egypt. P. Ptolemy Philadelphus. Pyrrhus. } See under ALEXANDER. GBp. Alexander the Great was his second cousin through Alexander's mother, but I am not informed of the other links. See under ALEXANDER. Raleigh, Sir Walter; adventurous explorer and colonizer, also statesman, courtier, and writer, as well as an eminent commander by land and by sea. B. (half-brother.) Sir Humphrey Gilbert, renowned navigator; proposer of the North-west passage to China. It was he who took possession of Newfoundland. He was lost at sea. 2 B. John and Adrian Gilbert. "Sir Humphrey's fame has eclipsed that of his brothers John and Adrian, but all three helped notably to make England what it is, and all were fellow-workers in the colonization of North America " (Edwards' "Life of Raleigh"). uS. Henry Champernoun, leader of the band of English volunteers to the Huguenot camp. uS. Gawen Champernoun, engaged with Raleigh in later service in the civil wars of France. Runjeet Singh, founder of the Sikh empire. His father died when he was still a boy; and his mother, who was young and handsome, did all she could to corrupt him, that he might be unfit to rule when he grew to manhood: nevertheless he entered, æt. 17, on a career of ambition, and by æt. 29 he had acquired large dominion. This energetic man ruled for forty years in undisputed mastery over numerous turbulent provinces, although his health was so broken by excesses and low indulgence, æt. 50, that he could not stand without support. He retained authority till his death in 1839, æt. 59. G. Churruth Singh, from a low condition and a vagrant life, became master of Sookur Chukea, in the Punjaub. F. Maha Singh extended his father's rule, and though he died æt. 30, had carried on war with his neighbours for fourteen years, and, it is said, had commanded at one time 60,000 horsemen. Saxe, Marshal; famous general under Louis XV. He was of large size and extraordinary physical strength; was distinguished in bodily exercises from childhood. Æt. 12 he ran away to join the army. In character he was exceedingly Don Juanesque. He was a well-practised commander, who loved his profession, but his abilities were not of the very highest order. F. Augustus II., King of Poland (the Marshal being one of his Y numerous progeny of illegitimate sons). Augustus was He u. Count Köningsmarck was brother to Marshal Saxe's beautiful but frail mother. He intrigued with the wife of George I. of England, and was assassinated. Was a handsome dashing man, always in gay adventures. ps. Madame Dudevant (Georges Sand), the French novelist. Her grandmother was a natural daughter of Marshal Saxe. Scipio, P. Cornelius; Africanus Major; conqueror of Hannibal, and scholar. The greatest man of his age; perhaps the greatest of Rome, with the exception of Julius Cæsar. He was only 24 years old when appointed to the supreme command of the Roman armies in Spain. F. The Scipio family produced many great men, and to that family Rome was largely indebted for obtaining the empire of the world. P. Cornelius Scipio; a great general, but defeated by Hannibal, and finally defeated and killed by the Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal and Mago. G. L. Cornelius Scipio; drove the Carthaginians out of Corsica and Sardinia. S. P. Corn. Sc. Africanus; prevented by weak health from taking part in public affairs, but Cicero remarks that with the greatness of his father's mind he possessed a larger amount of learning. His brother, L. Corn. S. Afr., is called "a degenerate son S. Cornelia, who married Tiber. Sempr. Gracchus, was almost extant in the time of Cicero, and were considered models 2 P. Tiberius and Caius Gracchus, bold defenders of popular rights; famous for their eloquence and their virtues. Both were assassinated. Scipio, P. Cornelius, continued GN. Scipio Nasica, the jurist. Mem. P. Corn. Sc. Æmilianus, Africanus Minor, was not of Scipio blood, but was cousin by the mother's side of P. Corn. Sc. Africanus (see above), who adopted him as his son. He was a most accomplished scholar and distinguished orator. Titus, Flav. Vesp.; Emperor of Rome. Able and virtuous; distinguished in war; exceedingly beloved. In his youth he was somewhat dissipated, but after he became emperor he showed himself eminently moderate and just. F. Vespasian. Rose through successive ranks to be Emperor of Rome, entirely through his own great merits as a general and as a statesman. Tromp, Marten; famous Dutch admiral, who rose through his own merits to the supreme command at a momentous epoch. Though he was captured in youth, and his professional advancement thereby checked for some years, he had become a noted admiral and a dreaded opponent of the English æt. 40. Killed in battle æt. 56. S. Cornelius van Tromp, celebrated Dutch admiral, who obtained that rank, on active service, æt. 33. His professional eminence was beyond all question, though scarcely equal to that of his father. Turenne, Henri, Viscount de; the greatest of French generals before the time of Napoleon. All his acts bear the impress of a truly great mind. He was clear and comprehensive in his views, energetic in action, and above the narrow feelings of a mere religious partisan. He was eminently pure in domestic life. He had weak health till æt. II. As a boy he was fond of books, and pored over the lives of eminent warriors. He learned slowly and with difficulty, rebelled against restraint, and showed dogged perseverance. He was very fond of athletic exercises, and improved his health by practising them. His first opportunity of distinction was æt. 23, on which occasion he was made "maréchal du camp," then the next step in rank to maréchal de France. He was killed by a cannon-shot æt. 64. F. Henri, Duc de Bouillon, one of the ablest soldiers bred in the school of Henry IV. His high rank, love of letters, |