-10 provided by county libraries, now available in 47 counties, leaving portions of the remaining 45 counties without service. Service problems have also been compounded by emigration from cities to formerly rural areas that are now suburban housing developments outside the library's taxing district. This "rural" unserved population increased from 397,000 in 1970 to 452,000 in 1972. This trend is quite apparent in areas around such cities as Frankfort, Huntington, Jeffersonville, Kokomo, Marion, Muncie, Peru, and Wabash, which are industrial communities with few home sites left within the taxing district. Consequently, more affluent citizens, who by virtue of education or their careers are natural library patrons, are moving beyond the library's taxing district. Indiana has a long, interesting, and innovative library heritage. Much has been done. Much remains to be done. The COBICIL Study is part of this continuing effort. Library Funding and Budgets: An estimated $74,400,000 is spent annually on Indiana's libraries. The expenditures for libraries, by type, This annual expenditure, by budget item, is dis Figure 2 shows how library funds are expended by type of library. Although Indiana public libraries receive a relatively high per-capita support on the average -13 ($5.06 from taxes per capita), the small population base of many libraries makes for meagre budgets, especially in a period of inflation. While some Indiana libraries have budgets ranging from half a million to several million dollars, the majority operate on a modest level. COBICIL data show that, during fiscal 1972, half of Indiana's public libraries spent less than $4,400 for books and other materials, less than $11,489 for salaries, and less than $7,755 for all other expenses. Half of the school libraries spent less than $1,994 for books and materials, less than $9,300 for salaries, and less than $400 for all other expenses. Data for college and university libraries indicate that half spent less than $38,665 for books and materials, less than $62,000 for salaries, and less than $15,900 for all other expenses. For special libraries, the comparable figures are: $6,172 for books and materials, $18,500 for salaries, and $2,500 for other expenses. Staff Resources: As shown above, salaries are the largest library budget item. A number of experts contend that service industries, such as libraries, are highly sensitive to rising manpower costs. During the past three years, salaries absorbed 59.3% of the total budget increases received by Indiana's public libraries. However, this increase was barely in line with cost-of-living increases (public libraries spent 8.6% more for salaries from 1970 to 1971 and 9.2% from 1971 to 1972). Therefore, it is perhaps safe to infer that, in many libraries, staffing is in a "holding" pattern and that library manpower in the State will not increase dramatically over the next few years. Overall, the ratio of professional to non-professional staff (1 to 1.5) is much lower than the 1 professional to every 4 or 5 non-professionals recommended by library management experts. The -14 ratio is influenced by the many libraries with only one staff member (44% or 180 out of 420 libraries responding to the Survey were in this category). It is estimated that Indiana's total library manpower is about 7,500 actual workers, or about 6,270 full-time-equivalents. The average library staff is: Staffing problems mentioned by respondents include: 1) shortage of skilled staff members, 2) lack of opportunity for staff to improve 3) lack of subject specialists on library staffs. Library Collections: Collectively, 394 respondents reported 28,100,173 items. Based on this, an estimate of 42,674,000 for the holdings of all Indiana libraries was derived. Holdings by type of library are estimated as follows: |