In West Virginia, the northern panhandle (Wheeling and points north) and the eastern panhandle (Allegheny, Berkeley, and Jefferson Counties) resumed standard time on the last Sunday of October. The remainder of West Virginia returned to standard time on the last Sunday of September.

2. Of the 18 States observing daylight saving time on a nonstatewide basis, only Michigan resumed standard time on the last Sunday of October. The 17 remaining States returned to standard time on varying dates from August to October, while some areas observe year-round daylight saving time.

C. Trend and summary of daylight saving time observance

In 1964, a total of 19 States observed only local standard time. In 1965, only 12 States fell into this category.

In 1965, a total of 36 States advanced their time by 1 hour on a statewide or nonstatewide basis. This is an increase of five States over 1964.

In 1954, 15 of the 31 States observing daylight saving time used the switchover dates of the last Sundays in April and October. Thirteen of these States observed daylight saving time on a statewide basis.

In 1965, 16 of the 36 States and the District of Columbia observed the switchover dates of the last Sundays in April and October. Fifteen of these States observed daylight saving time on a statewide basis. The 16 States are listed

STATEMENT OF ROBERT E. REDDING, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, COMMITTEE FOR TIME UNIFORMITY, AND VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL, TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA Mr. REDDING. I have submitted a statement on behalf of the Transportation Association of America and of the Committee for Time Uniformity as well, which I had intended to present to you to supplement Mr. Ramspeck's remarks. He not being here, I would like to summarize what are, to me, the succinct points that warrant your action as they are stated in my testimony.

First, of course, the TAA board of directors in 1961 approved a policy provision for uniformity of time, whether standard or daylight, and uniformity in the change dates within each time zone.

Mr. FRIEDEL. Without any objection, your full statement will be included in the record.

Mr. REDDING. Thank you, sir.

What I want to emphasize to members of this committee is that first, there is a large number and a wide variety of national interests which have supported uniformity in time legislation at Federal and State levels, having submitted supporting statements at this and three other congressional committee hearings since April of 1963. The Committee for Time Uniformity itself is a voluntary organization of many, many interests that have cooperated together in the last 2 to 3 years, involving 43 nationally known and privately operated institutions and organizations in the transportation, communications, shipping, finance, travel, farming, labor, and other general business fields. Those organizations are identified in an attachment to Mr. Ramspeck's statement. We have also had the friendly cooperation of 23 governmental units,

4 The District of Columbia also observed daylight saving time in 1965 between the last Sunday of April and the last Sunday in October.

Federal, State, and local, including five Cabinet-level departments. So, what I wish to emphasize is that we have had a common agreement of all these interests, governmental and industry, that something needs to be done and the time has arrived to do it.

We know of no organized opposition to these recommendations, Mr. Chairman, and that, of course, is significant in any matter involving legislation. From the very beginning, we endeavored to anticiapte where that might develop, and by working with those interests, we are able to state, I believe, that no organized voice will be presented to you in opposition to the objectives which we support.

The third point I feel important is that all echelons of government have participated on this. There is no State's rights claim, to my knowledge, that has been advanced in any quarter on Congress taking action. In fact, the huge volume of clippings and editorials which I have read in the last several years has almost universally urged you, the Congress, to take charge of this problem. However, we are long overdue on a nationwide basis in achieving nationwide time uniformity. I think it is of significance that for many years, the Interstate Commerce Commission had urged governmental review of the time problem. If this legislation is passed, I believe it is the ICC position that there will be no additional cost to the Federal Government for promoting time uniformity, in addition to which it will have the effect of reducing Federal subsidy.

I have in my studies noted an increasing trend across the country among many States toward daylight saving time. Now, if that comes, and if this is going to happen State by State, we should have uniformity, at least, in observing such time.

We think the American public will applaud Federal time uniformity legislation. We brought this problem to the attention of the public through all communications media-press, radio, and television. We think the people are ready.

Finally, we have visualized the Federal role here as one of promoting time uniformity nationally, modernizing the law which Congress enacted in 1918, and then prescribing the common switchover dates for daylight saving time wherever it prevails. But we have simultaneously, Mr. Chairman, worked in individual States to eliminate the frustrating local daylight saving time option, town by town, community by community, and to promote statewide observance of commerce changeover dates.

Last year, in the 13 States in which we worked, we achieved complete or partial success in 11 of them. We have found that they are all interested, due to the many involvements of the national economy, in achieving greater time uniformity.

Recently, those efforts have been bolstered by a uniform State law drafted and now being circulated by the Council of State Governments. Finally, I have a personal comment, sir, that appears on page 3 of my statement. I term it a personal and collective salute on behalf of the Committee for Time Uniformity to our chairman, Mr. Ramspeck. I wish he were here to hear us say this. He has worked with us this last 2 or 3 years without any personal compensation. He has advanced wise counsel and leadership, and we all say many thanks.

I also make the same comment to the many Government officials, organization representatives, and private citizens who have worked

on this endeavor. I trust that the days of scrambled time will soon be but a memory.

(The complete statement of Mr. Redding follows:)

STATEMENT OF ROBERT E. REDDING ON BEHALF OF THE TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA AND THE COMMITTEE OF TIME UNIFORMITY

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I am Robert E. Redding, residing at 9809 Hillridge Drive, Kensington, Md. I am vice president and general counsel of the Transportation Association of America, a nonprofit organization comprised of a wide membership of users, investors, and airline, freight forwarder, highway, pipeline, railroad, and water carrier interests.

I have also enjoyed the privilege of serving as executive director of the Committee for Time Uniformity since its inception.

I shall take your time only to state the support of TAA for the position just expressed by Mr. Ramspeck and to supplement his statement with a few key points of importance to this hearing.

I

The TAA Board of Directors, in October 1961, approved a policy position that there should be uniformity of time, whether standard or daylight, and uniformity in the change dates within each time zone. This proposal was approved by the

air, highway, pipeline, and railroad panels, and not opposed by the other four panels.

Following this action, the TAA staff has devoted considerable time and attention to the implementation of this policy while coordinating the activities of the Committee for Time Uniformity.

II

I would like to emphasize the following considerations which combine to justify favorable committee action:

1. A large number and variety of national interests support time uniformity legislation at Federal and State levels, having submitted supporting statements at this and three other congressional committee hearings since April 1963.

2. Since the formation of the Committee for Time Uniformity we have endeavored to work with every basic economic interest affected by clock chaos. We know of no organized opposition to our recommendations.

3. All echelons of government-Federal, State, and local-have extended helpful cooperation and assistance to us. No States rights claim has, to our knowledge, been advanced from any quarter in opposition to a Federal uniform time bill.

4. For the last 30 years the Interstate Commerce Commission annual reports have urged congressional review of the time problem. Enactment of H.R. 6785 will facilitate the reduction of Federal subsidy without any claimed additional cost for ICC promotion of nationwide time uniformity. Extensive private costs in the annual battle of timetables can be greatly reduced.

5. It has been said that millions march to a different cadence. There appears to be an increasing trend toward daylight saving time throughout the Nation. If it comes, uniform standards should prevail. Truly, Congress has time on its hands.

6. We think the American public will applaud Federal time uniformity legislation, and the sooner the better. This national inconvenience has been widely described in every State by press, radio, and television media. We think the people are ready.

7. We have visualized the Federal role as one of promoting national uniformity, modernizing the national time law, and prescribing common changeover dates for daylight saving time wherever it may prevail. We have simultaneously worked in individual States to eliminate the frustrating local daylight saving time option town by town and to promote State approval of common changeover dates. Last year we made progress in 11 of 13 States. These continuing efforts have now been bolstered by a uniform State time law circulated by the Council of State Governments. We think this Federal-State action pattern is the right answer.

8. Finally, a personal and collective salute on behalf of the Committee for Time Uniformity to our chairman, Mr. Ramspeck. He has served without compensation and has always advanced wise counsel and leadership. We all say "Many thanks." I say the same, "Many thanks," to the many Government officials, organization representatives, and private citizens who have cooperated with us. We trust that the days of scrambled time will soon be but a memory. Thank you for your attention and this privilege to discuss Project Timesaver. Mr. FRIEDEL. I thank you for a very, very fine statement. Evidently, you did a lot of research work on this.

Mr. REDDING. We worked hard on this, Mr. Chairman. A few additional comments and I shall be finished.

You have before you a statement by Thomas P. Phelan, president of the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange, which is to be submitted for the record in support of our activities. They have been an important part of our Committee for Time Uniformity.

Mr. FRIEDEL. That statement will be included in the record. (The statement referred to follows:)

STATEMENT BY THOMAS P. PHELAN, PRESIDENT, PACIFIC COAST STOCK EXCHANGE

The State of California has adopted the compulsory observance of daylightsaving time from the last Sunday in April to the last Sunday in October so as to conform their observations with those of the major Eastern and Midwestern States, metropolitan areas and business and financial centers. Such compulsory conformity in time throughout the year is vital to west coast business, agriculture and industry.

The west coast is one of the largest population areas in the Nation. Its markets are nationwide and thus its manufacturers, financial institutions, and its large farms and agricultural groups who compete with producers in other parts of the country need as many working hours in conformity with eastern and midwestern business centers as possible. Without conforming daylight time on the Pacific coast with that experienced by eastern and midwestern communities, west coast businesses would be out of step and under an unnecessary or unwarranted handicap by the loss of an additional business hour. Thus production could fall with a resultant curtailment of employment and reduction of gross receipts by west coast activities.

California originally adopted compulsory daylight saving time from the last Sunday in April to the last Sunday in September in 1949. In 1962 by an even greater percent of the population it extended such compulsory observance to the last Sunday in October so as to conform with eastern and midwestern areas observing such time.

We strongly believe that conformity of time throughout the country would be in the economic interest in all segments of industry and business and adoption of H.R. 6785, H.R. 7867 and H.R. 6481 is strongly recommended.

Mr. REDDING. Thank you, sir.

I have also received a telegram which is also before you from the Honorable Tom Frost. Mr. Frost is a member of the Virginia State Legislature. He has voluntarily and personally taken an interest in this problem, and particularly insofar as his own State is involved. He has come to Washington to testify at least twice before congressional committees concerned with this matter. He would have liked to have been here today. But being unable to do so, he sent me a telegram asking our permission to receive into the record his testimony of last April before the Senate Commerce Committee. That statement is also attached to the telegram and it appears before you.

He has stated, Mr. Chairman, that Governor Godwin of Virginia will not oppose the enactment of the legislation which we support. Mr. FRIEDEL. Without objection, that statement will also be included in the record.

Unable to attend rescheduled House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee hearing on time uniformity legislation Wednesday, February 2. Request permission of Chairman Staggers to receive into record my testimony on April 26, 1965, before Senate Commerce Committee on similar legislation. Governor Godwin will not oppose enactment of H.R. 6785 or essentially similar legislation. TOM FROST.

STATEMENT OF HON. THOMAS N. FROST, VIRGINIA STATE LEGISLATOR, BEFORE SENATE COMMERCE COMMITTEE ON APRIL 26, 1965

Mr. FROST. I will be short, sir. Mr. Chairman, I have spent a lot of time in trying to get a bill through our Virginia State Legislature for uniform time and we were always unsuccessful, one time by one vote.

We realize we have, I am sure, the most confused State in the Union with time with our nine counties in the southwest who are strictly on standard time and, as the gentleman said, if you could put the whole State on standard time, it would really take an act of Congress to get the great Southern State of Virginia on one time.

But, I understand your bill will permit them to remain on standard time. I urge and plead with you to report this bill out and pass it at your very earliest convenience. We are really most anxious in Virginia to have this bill enacted. It is certainly a step in the right direction to having uniform time all over the United States.

I received a letter from the Governor. May I read it? It is just a short letter and I would like to have it included.

Senator MCGEE. Yes.

Mr. FROST (reading).

"Dear Mr. Frost: I understand you plan to appear before the Senate Commerce Committee in support of S. 1404, which would provide uniform time zones throughout the United States.

"Enactment of such legislation, in my judgment, would be in the best interest of the Nation and I trust that the Congress will act favorably during this session. As you know, the Virginia General Assembly has advocated such an approach, and I am confident that the legislation would meet with the approval of the great majority of our citizens."

It is signed "Albertis S. Harrison, Jr." I would like to put that in the record. Senator MCGEE. Yes; the letter from the Governor will appear in the record. (The letter follows:)

"COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA,

"GOVERNOR'S OFFICE, "Richmond, April 23, 1965.

"Hon. THOMAS N. FROST, "Warrenton, Va.

"DEAR MR. FROST: I understand you plan to appear before the Senate Commerce Committee in support of S. 1404, which would provide uniform time zones throughout the United States.

"Enactment of such legislation, in my judgment, would be in the best interest of the Nation and I trust that the Congress will act favorably during this session. As you know, the Virginia General Assembly has advocated such an approach, and I am confident that the legislation would meet with the approval of the great majority of our citizens.

"Sincerely yours,

"A. S. HARRISON, Jr."

Mr. FROST. I have nothing else to say, but I do urge the reporting out of this bill.