my own hand; but one of them having multiplied by I know not what kind of creature, these were two which I had preserved tame; whereas, the rest ran wild in the woods, and became indced troublesome to me at last for they would often come into my house, and plunder me too, till, at last, I was obliged to shoot them, and did kill a great many at length, they left me. With this attendance, and in this plentiful manner, I lived; neither could I be said to want any thing but society; and of that, some time after this, I was like to have too much.

I was something impatient, as I have observed, to have the use of my boat, though very loth to run any more hazards; and, therefore, sometimes I sat contriving ways to get her about the island, and, at other times, I sat myself down contented enough without her. But I had a strange uneasiness in my mind to go down to the point of the island, where, as I have said, in my last ramble, I went up the hill to see how the shore lay, and how the current set, that I might see what I had to do; this inclination increased upon me every day, and, at length, I resolved to travel thither by land, following the edge of the shore. I did so; but, had any one in England been to meet such a man as I was, it must either have frightened him, or raised a great deal of laughter; and, as I frequently stood still to look at myself, I could not but smile at the notion of my travelling through Yorkshire, with such an equipage, and in such a dress. Be pleased to take a sketch of my figure, as follows:

I had a great, high, shapeless, cap, made of a goat's skin, with a flap hanging down behind, as well to keep the sun from me, as to shoot the rain off from running into my neck; nothing being so hurtful in these climates, as the rain upon the flesh, under the clothes. I had a short jacket of goat's skin, the skirts coming down to about the middle of the thighs, and a pair of open-kneed breeches of the same; the breeches were made of the skin of an old he-goat, whose hair hung down such a length on either side, that, like pantaloons, it reached to the middle of my legs; stockings and shoes I had none, but had inade me a pair of somethings, I scarce know what to call them, like buskins, to flap over my legs, and lace on either side like spatterdashes; but of a most barbarous shape, as indeed were all the rest of my clothes. I had on a broad belt of goat's skin dried, which I drew together with two thongs of the same, instead of buckles; and, in a kind of a frog on either side of this, instead of a sword and dagger, hung a little saw and a hatchet; one on one side, and one on the other. I had another helt, not so broad, and fastened in the same manner, which hung over my shoulder; and, at the end of it, under my left arm, hung two pouches, both made of goat's skin too: in one of which hung my powder, in the other my shot. At my back I carried my basket, and on my shoulder my gun; and over my head a great clumsy goat's skin umbrella, but which, after all, was the most necessary thing I had about me, next to my gun. As for my face, the colour of it was really not so mulatto-like as one might expect from a man not at all careful of it, and living within nine or ten degrees of the equator. My beard I had once suffered to grow till it was about a quarter of a yard long; but, as I had both scissars and razors sufficient, I had cut it pretty short, except what grew on my upper lip, which I had trimmed into a large pair of turkish mustachos or whiskers, such as I had seen worn at Salee; of these, I will not say they were long enough to hang my hat upon them, but they were of a length and shape monstrous enough, and such as, in England, would have passed for frightful. §.

But all this is by the bye; for, as to my figure, I had so few to observe me, that it was of no manner of consequence; so I say no more to that part. In this kind of figure I went my new journey, and was out five or six days. I travelled first along the sea-shore, directly to the place where I first brought my boat to an anchor, to get upon the rocks; and, having no boat now to take care of, I went over the land, a nearer way, to the same height that I was upon before; when, looking forward to the point of the rocks which lay out, and which I was obliged to double with my boat, as is said above, I was surprised to see the sea

all smooth and quiet; no rippling, no motion, no current there, any more than in any other places. I was at a strange loss to understand this, and resolved to spend some time in the observing it, to see if nothing from the sets of the tide had occasioned it; but I was presently convinced how it was, namely, that the tide of ebb setting from the west, and joining with the current of waters from some great river on the shore, must be the occasion of this current; and that, according as the wind blew more forcibly from the west, or from the north, this current came nearer, or went farther from the shore; for, waiting thereabouts till evening, I went up to the rock again, and then, the tide of ebb being made, I plainly saw the current again as before, only that it ran farther off, being near half a league from the shore; whereas, in my case, it set close upon the shore, and hurried me and my canoe along with it; which, at another time, it would not have done. This observatiou convinced me, that I had nothing to do but to observe the ebbing and the flowing of the tide, and I might very easily bring my boat about the island again; but, when I began to think of putting it in practice, I had such a terror upon my spirits at the remembrance of the danger I had been in, that I could not think of it again with any patience; but, on the contrary, I took up another resolution, which was more safe, though more laborious; and this was, that I would build, or rather make me another periagua, and so have one for one side of the island, and one for the other.

You are to understand, that now I had, as I may call it, two plantations in the island, one, my little fortification or tent, with the wall about it, under the rock, with the cave behind me, which, by this time, I had enlarged into several apart ments or caves, one within another. One of these, which was the driest and largest, and had a door out beyond my wall, that is to say, beyond where my wall joined to the rock, was all filled up with the large earthen pots, of which I have given an account, and with fourteen or fifteen great baskets, which would hold five or six bushels each, where I laid up my stores of provision, especially my corn, some in the ear, cut off short from the straw, and the other rubbed out with my hand.

As for my wall, made, as before, with long stakes or piles, those piles grew all like trees, and were, by this time, grown so big, and spread so very much, that there was not the least appearance, to any one's view, of any habitation behind them. Near this dwelling of mine, but a little farther within the land, and upon lower ground, lay my two pieces of corn land, which I kept duly cultivated and sowed, and which duly yielded me their harvest in its season; and, whenever I had occasion for more cora, I had more land adjoining as fit as that.

Besides this, I had my country seat; and I had now a tolerable plantation there also: f first, I had my little bower, as I called it, which I kept in repair; that is to say,pt the hedge which encircled it in constantly fitted up to its usual height, the ladder standing always in the inside: I kept the trees, which at first were no more than my stakes, but were now grown very firm and tall, always cut so, that they might spread and grow thick and wild, and make the more agreeable shade; which they did effectually to my mind. In the middle of this, I had my tent always standing, being a piece of a sail spread over poles set up for that purpose, and which never wanted any repair, or renewing; and under this, I had made me a squab or couch, with the skins of the creatures I had killed, and with other soft things; and a blanket laid on them, such as belonged to our sea-bedding, which I had saved, and a great watch coat to cover me; and here, whenever I had occasion to be absent from my chief seat, I took up my country habitation.

Adjoining to this, I had my enclosures for my cattle, that is to say, my goats; and as I had taken an inconceivable deal of pains to fence and enclose this ground, I was so anxious to see it kept entire, lest the goats should break through, that never left off until, with infinite labour, 1 had stuck the outside of the hedge so full of small stakes, and so near to one another, that it was rather a pale than a hedge, and there was scarce room to put a hand through between

them; which afterwards, when those stakes grew, as they all did in the next rainy season, inade the enclosure strong like a wall, indeed, stronger than any wall. This will testify for me that I was not idle, and that I spared no pains to bring to pass whatever appeared necessary for my comfortable support; for I considered the keeping up a breed of tame creatures thus at my hand would be a living magazine of flesh, milk, butter, and cheese for me as long as I lived in the place, if it were to be forty years; and that keeping them in my reach depended entirely upon my perfecting my enclosures to such a degree, that I might be sure of keeping them together; which, by this method, indeed, I so effectually secured, that, when these little stakes began to grow, I had planted them so very thick, that I was forced to pull some of them up again.

In this place also I had my grapes* growing, which I principally depended on

GRAPE:-If we refer to sacred writ, we shall find that the vine was in existence after the deluge, for Noah is said to have planted a vineyard: and as this phenomenon did not destroy the vegetable world, which may be inferred from the dove bringing back a branch of olive to the ark, we may presume that this generous plant was not of post-diluvian creation, but must have existed in the former world; its ancient and modern botanical name is vitis, supposed to be derived from the word viere, to tie, or vincire, to bind: these etymologies, however, are uncertain, but it is generally sup posed that Europe is indebted for it to the more genial regions of the east; a fact which we are inclined to doubt, as even as far back as the days of HOMER, it grew wild in the Island of Sicily, though not improved by culture, a secret which the rude inhabitants were not likely to have lost, any more than they would have been ignorant of the art of extracting wine from it, if they had once known it; it must therefore have been indigenous, for if it had been imported, its qualities and uses would certainly have been imported at the same time. This is also the more probable from the fact that at the present day, the woods of North America, in the southern states, are overrun with a species of wild vine. Yet though a native of Sicily, and most probably of Italy, it was not until many ages afterwards that its culture became improved; at length, however Italy had it in her power to boast, that of fourscore kinds of the then most celebrated wines, she produced more than the half of them on her own soil. From Italy this fascinating plant found its way to the southern parts of France; yet it is a curious fact in the history of the atmosphere, that those parts of that country which now produce the finest wines, were so cold in the days of STRABO, the geographer, that it was found impossible to ripen the vines there. It is not impossible that the progressive clearing of the country, then over-run with forests may have gradually improved the temperature, so that we may now consider the vines of Burgundy as the legitimate descendants of those which were planted in the reign of the beneficent Antoninus. So remote, indeed, is its antiquity in all countries, where it is in common cultivation, that many modern botanists laying all historical research aside, consider it paw as a native of the temperate zone generally speaking, although it will not grow Il in the more northern limits, nor will produce fruit of any favour if to the doth ward of thirty degrees of north latitude, or nearer to the equator in corresponding parallels of the southern hemisphere. In the northern hemisphere, how-ever, as far at least as regards the old world, we may reckon the wine countries as between 50° and 51° north; yet in Japan, which is within these limits, the vine will not flourish, and at the same time in Jamaica, in the new world, which is beyond the warm limit, there is a rich muscadine grape, which, if carefully cultivated, it has been ascertained would produce a mellow wine. The island of Madeira is considerably within the limit, but much of the perfection of its wine arises from the volcanic nature of its soil, trom the regular warmth of its insular situation, from the southern aspect of the vine-yards, and above all, from the mode of culture, many of the vine-yards being so arranged with stone pillars six feet high, with horizontal wood frames spread along their tops, that the grapes having a celing of leaves whose luxuriance renders them impervious to the direct rays of the sun, thus the juices of the fruit have time to concentrate. In the new world, however, although the vine is spontaneous throughout Virginia and Carolina, yet the planters have never succeeded in any of their attempts in making wine which can be compared with european produce of corresponding latitudes. This is, however, in Boine measure to be accounted for from the well known fact, that the temperature of equal parallels does not correspond, and also from the fact, that even in Virginea

for my winter store of raisins, and which I never failed to preserve very carefully, as the best dainty of my whole diet; and, indeed, they were not only agreeable,

the nights are so cold in the autumn as to produce thin ice, whilst the days are almost as hot as in the West Indies. Yet so luxuriant is the growth of the American vine even in its wild state, that it renders the woods in many parts impassable, and runs up to the tops of the highest trees of the forest. Many reasons have been given for supposing that the vine was early in common cultivation in England. The advocates for this position tell us that it is extremely probable the Romans must have introduced it during their establishment here; at least, say they, there is little doubt but that vineyards were common appendages to abbies and monasteries which were frequently filled with monks, who were foreigners, or had lived much in Italy, and bad there acquired such a habit of drinking wine at their meals, as to render the cultivation of the grape not only a luxury, but even a necessary of life. All this, however, is little more than conjecture; but we know that PLINY who was a very minute, though perhaps not very accurate botanist, says nothing of the vine being in Britain; and also that TACITUS expressly says, that it was not here in the time of Agricola. But then, say the advocates for its existence here, vines might have been introduced into Britain before the time of Agricola, although they did not exist then, for it is well known that Domitian ordered all the vineyards in the provinces to be destroyed, both because they prevented in some measure the cultivation of corn, and because they were considered as an excitement to sedition, also the encouragement which they gave to drunkenness, so that from his time until the repeal of the edict by Probus in 276, they may be considered as having had no existence. Without pretending to decide this point, which is more a matter of curiosity than of usefulness, we may still observe that the frequent occurrence of the word vineyard in the topography of this country, affords a very plausible ground for believing that even as far back as the time of the Edwards, they were more frequent in exposed cultivation than at present. This is more particularly shewn at a later period by our immortal poet, when at the baptism of the infant Elizabeth, Ire makes the Archbishop say,

"In her days, every man shall eat in safety under his own vine which he plants." An allusion which SHAKESPEARE would certainly not have adopted, unless, it had been both a correct and familiar one. WILLIAM of Malmesbury, a monkish historian, who lived in the twelfth century asserts that England afforded as good vineyards as many provinces of France, and he particularly mentions Gloucestershire, and the Isle of Ely. It was not, however, until the middle of the seventeenth century that the shelter of the hot-house was considered as likely to answer for the ripening of grapes, though it is now become so frequent. As an instance of what may be done by cultivation, it is on record that some years since, the Duke of Portland sent a large cluster of grapes as a present to the Marquis of Rockingham. It was suspended on a staff, and carried a distance of more than twenty miles by four labourers, who took it in pairs by turns. Its greatest diameter was nineteen and a half inches; its circumference four and a half feet; its length twenty-two inches; and weight about fifty pounds. But to consider this much admired plant uuder a more scientific point of view, we must state that it is classed amongst the Pentandria-Monogynia, and in the natural order of Hederacea; in generic character, it has a calyx with the perianth five toothed, and very small, whilst the corolla has five small, rude, and caducous petals; the stamen has five filaments, which are awl-shaped, caducous and spreading, and the anthers are simple: the pistil has an ovate germ; the stigma is obtuse headed; but there is no style: the pericarp has a globular or ovate berry; this is two celled, and the seeds are two in number, turbinate, cordate, and contracted. In essential character there is little to notice, except the petals adhering at the top; but a late botanist has asserted that which would be a very curious fact if true, which is, that the unripe grape is five celled, whilst the ripe one is one celled and five seeded. Of this genus there are twelve species, all again divided into a number of varieties; the most remarkable of the species are the common and current vine, palmate-leaved, Indian, Japanese, fox-grape, various-leaved, parsley-leaved, ivy-leaved, pepper-vine, &c. To describe it minutely is unnecessary, but we may observe that every body knows the common vine which is so frequent in cultivation here, to have a thick irregular stem, generally twisted, and covered with a thick bark; whilst the branches it sends out are long, flexible yet tough, and will trail along the ground unless they meet with support, when they will rise to a very great height. As it is not often seen

But wholesome, nourishing, and refreshing to the last degree. As this was also about half-way between my other habitation and the place were I had laid up my boat, I generally stayed and lay here in my way thither; for I used frequently to visit my boat; and I kept all things about, or belonging to her, in very good order: sometimes I went out in her to divert myself, but no more hazardous voyages would I go, nor scarce ever above a stone's-cast or two from the shore, I was so apprehensive of being hurried out of my knowledge again by the currents or winds, or any other accident. But now I come to a new scene of my life.

It happened one day, about noon, going towards my boat, I was exceedingly surprised with the print of a man's naked foot on the shore, very plain to be seen in the sand. I stood like one thunder-struck, or as if I had seen an apparition; I listened, I looked round me, but I could hear nothing, nor see any thing; I went up to a rising ground, to look farther; I went up the shore, and down the shore, but it was all one; I could see no other impression but that one. I went to it again to see if there were any more, and to observe if it might not be my fancy; but there was no room for that, for there was exactly the print of a foot; toes, heel, and every part of a foot: how it came thither I knew not, nor could I in the least imagine; but, after innumerable fluttering thoughts, like a man perfectly confused, and out of myself, I came home to my fortification, not feeling, as we say, the ground I went on, but terrified to the last degree; looking behind me at every two or three steps, mistaking every bush and tree, and fancying every stump at a distance to be a man. Nor is it possible to describe how many various shapes my affrighted imagination represented things to me in, how many wild ideas were found every moment in my fancy, and what strange unaccountable whimsies came into my thoughts by the way. When I came to my castle (for so I think I called it ever after this), I fled into it like one pursued; whether I went over by the ladder, as first contrived, or went in at the hole in the rock, which I had cailed a door, I cannot remember; no, nor could I remember the next morning; for never frightened hare fled to cover, or fox to earth, with more terror of mind than I to this retreat.

I slept none that night; the farther I was from the occasion of my fright, the greater my apprebensions were; which is something contrary to the nature of such things, and especially to the usual practice of all creatures in fear; but I was so embarrassed with my own frightful ideas of the thing, that I formed nothing but dismal imaginations to myself, even though I was now a great way off it. Sometimes I fancied it must be the devil,* and reason joined in with me upon

in flower, we must notice that its blossoms are herbaceous or whitish, and are on a raceme, close to each of which is a tendril with a leaf opposite. These flowers are triffing in appearance, but have a very agreeable odour; and though their fruit may often produce a contrary effect, yet these may be called the most modest of the botanical calendar, as the petals cohere at the top, and thus like a veil conceal the whole fructification. Though this genus is not generally considered as deserving the name of a tree; yet we must not omit a curious dissonance between it and other plants. They improve in size, by cultivation, whilst the vine in its wild state has been found of the most considerable size; on the banks of the Caspian sea, they have been found as thick as a man's body, and some reputable travellers assert, that in Barbary they have been found nine or ten feet m circumference! This, indeed, appears incredible, and the writer of this article must confess, that, although he has seen them there of a size to justify a little of the marvellous, yet still he will not assume the traveller's privilege to vouch for dimensions so extravagant. Mr. LANG, a landed proprietor in Styria, has been extremely successful in extracting oil from grapestones. He calculates that all the vines in the Austrian monarchy will furnish yearly 300,000lbs. of good oil.

* DEVIL:-This word is formed from the French diable italian diavolo, or of the Latin diabolus, which comes from the Greek diaColor, accuser, or calumniator, or from the ancient British diafol. The Ethiopians paint the devil white, to be even with the Europeans who paint him black. We find no mention of the word "devil" throughout the Old Testament; but only of devils in the plural number, nor do we meet with the