In order to afford to the commercial and maritime interests of every nation the security which is desired, Russia and the Sublime Porte will admit Consuls into their ports situated upon the coasts of the Black Sea, in conformity with the principles of international law. Article XIII. The Black Sea being neutralized according to the terms of Article XI. the maintenance or establishment upon its coast of military-maritime arsenals becomes alike unnecessary and purposeless; in consequence. His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias and His Imperial Majesty the Sultan engage not to establish or to maintain upon that coast any military-maritime arsenal. 8. Treaty of London, 1871. Article I. The Black Sea remains open as heretofore to the mercantile marine of all nations. Article II. The principle of the closing of the Straits of the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles in time of peace invariably established, as the ancient rule of the Ottoman Empire, and confirmed by the Treaty of Paris of March 30, 1856, remains in full force. Article III. His Imperial Majesty the Sultan, by virtue of the right of sovereignty which he exercises over the Straits of the Bosphorus and of the Dardanelles, reserves to himself in time of peace the power of opening them by way of temporary exception, in case only that the interests of the security of his Empire should cause him to recognize the necessity of the presence of vessels of war of the non-riverain Powers of the Black Sea. Article IV. It is agreed that the stipulation contained in the preceding Article shall for the future replace those of Articles XI., XIII. and XIV. of the Treaty of Paris of March 30, 1856, as well as the Special Convention concluded between the Sublime Porte and Russia, and annexed to the said Article XIV. NOTE. Dr Holland's Lecture on the Treaty Relations of Russia and Turkey, from 1774 to 1853 (published by Macmillan and Co. 1877), is a useful little work in connection with some of the subjects noticed in this Appendix. restore, by British Parliament, Ashburton, Lord, Commissioner to 153 ington, 1871, 448, 449 war with Hungary, 1849,70 there must be an actual, Blockading squadron, absence of, Bluntschli, Professor, quoted, 167 Booty on land by military forces, Bosphorus, closing the, 105 Cruisers, Instruction to, 365, n. 1 Brune, General, cited, 219, n. 1 seas, 99 - on Privateering, 241 tral territory, 306 C. Cadiz, regulations as to Tort of in 1 1 special cases of, 435 Carlos, Don, in Spain, 1834, 60 Cass, General, on the right of Casus fœderis, 158-162, 302 Certificate of ship's registry, 374,n.2 Chateaubriand, cited, 78, n. 1 Chesapeake, the, 304 Christianity, its influence, 22-24 War, state of belligerency in, Claims, submission of, under Treaty - condemnation of priva- teering, 231 answer to merchants Coal, whether contraband, 338, n. 1 Cockburn, Lord Chief Justice, judg- treaties of, 108 treaty of, between -245 on account of the Alabama, 296 for resistance to right of search, 369-370 1 of prize in neutral port, 250 Cruisers and the Ge- Constantia, case of the, 355, n. 1 Constantinople, 1876-77, 166 125-127 Conference at, Consular institution, history of the, Crown, power of, to cede territory, 394, n. 2 Cruelty in war condemned, 216 Cruising under a foreign commis- Cussy, Baron de, on the conquest D. Daly, Judge, quoted, 223 Damages, measure of, in illegal Danish instructions to cruisers, Dardanelles, closing the, 105 504-509 Dayton's, Mr, correspondence with Debts, confiscation of, 180 Del Col v. Arnold, 242 Derby, Lord, speech on the recog- on Guarantee Treaties, 167 of an ambassador, con- tile, 352 |