4 D. C. App., 380; 7 D. C. App.,

279.

dout, 27 D. C.

Natl. Bank v.

App., 114; 6 D. C.

and shall be acknowledged as the deed of the corporation by an attorney appointed for that purpose, by a power of attorney embodied in the deed or by one separate therefrom, under the corporate seal, to be annexed to and recorded with the deed.

Sec. 498. ACKNOWLEDGMENT BY ATTORNEY.-No deeds 116; S. C. 169 U.S., of conveyance of either real or personal estate by indi55; 18 S. C. Rep., viduals shall be executed or acknowledged by attorney. Crosby v. Ri- Sec. 499. WHEN DEEDS TO TAKE EFFECT.-Any deed App., 481; Ohio conveying real property in the District, or interest therein, Berlin, 26 D. C. or declaring or limiting any use or trust thereof, executed App., 218; 5 D. C. and acknowledged and certified as aforesaid and delivered App., 330; 27 D. to the person in whose favor the same is executed, shall C. App., 281; 22 be held to take effect from the date of the delivery thereof, 31 D. C. App., 76; except that as to creditors and subsequent bona fide pur20 chasers and mortgagees without notice of said deed, and Eisminger, 38 L. others interested in said property, it shall only take effect from the time of its delivery to the recorder of deeds for record. Act of June 30, 1902 (32 Stat., Part I, p. 531).

D. C. App., 368:

Stat., 39; Am.

Natl. Bank บ.

R., 252.

R. S. D. C., 448; Comp. Stat., 491.

R. S. D. C., 449; Comp. Stat., 492.

Lynch . Lynch -86 L. R., 13.

(Repealed.)

[Sec. 499. WHEN DEEDS TO TAKE EFFECT.- -Any deed conveying real property in the District, or interest therein, or declaring or limiting any use or trust thereof, executed and acknowledged and certified as aforesaid and delivered to the person in whose favor the same is executed, shall be held to take effect and pass the title in the property conveyed to said person from the date of the acknowledgment, provided the same be recorded within three months from said date, except that as to creditors and subsequent bona fide purchasers and mortgagees without notice of said deed, and others interested in said property, it shall only take effect from the time of its delivery to the recorder of deeds to be recorded.]

Sec. 500. When two or more deeds of the same property are made to bona fide purchasers for value without notice, the deed or deeds which are first recorded according to law shall be preferred.

Sec. 501. BONDS AND CONTRACTS.-Any title bond or other written contract in relation to land may be acknowledged, certified, and recorded in the same manner and with like effect as to notice as deeds for the conveyance of land.-Act of June 30, 1902 (32 Stat., Part I, p. 531).

(Repealed.)

[Sec. 501. BONDS AND CONTRACTS.-Any title bond or other written contract in relation to land may be acknowledged, certified, and recorded in the same manner as deeds for the conveyance of land, and the record thereof shall be notice to all creditors and subsequent purchasers of the existence of such bond or contract.]

Sec. 502. INTERPRETATION.-No words of inheritance shall be necessary in a deed or will to create a fee simple estate; but every conveyance or devise of real estate shall be construed and held to pass a fee simple estate or other entire estate of the grantor or testator, unless a contrary intention shall appear by express terms or be necessarily implied therein.

Sec. 503. The word "grant," the phrase "bargain and sell," or any other words purporting to transfer the whole estate shall be construed to pass the whole estate and interest [of the grantor] in the property described, unless there be limitations or reservations showing a different intent.

Sec. 504. In any deed or will of real or personal estate in the District of Columbia, hereafter executed, the words "die without issue," or the words "die without leaving issue," or the words "have no issue," or other words which may import either a want or failure of issue of any person in his lifetime, or at the time of his death, or an indefinite failure of his issue, shall be construed to mean a want or failure of issue in the lifetime or at the time of the death of such person, and not an indefinite failure of his issue, unless a contrary intention shall appear in the instrument.

Sec. 505. When, in any deed, the word "covenant" is used, such word shall have the same effect as if the covenant was expressed to be by the covenantor, for himself, his heirs, devisees, and personal representatives, and shall be deemed to be with the grantee or lessee, his heirs, devisees, personal representatives, and assigns.-Act of June 30, 1902 (32 Stat., Part I, p. 531).

(Repealed.)

[Sec. 505. When, in a deed conveying real estate, the words "the said covenants" are used, such words shall have the same effect as if the covenant was expressed to be by the covenantor, for himself, his heirs, devisees, and personal representatives, and shall be deemed to be with the grantee or lessee, his heirs, devisees, personal representatives, and assigns.]

Sec. 506. A covenant by the grantor, in a deed conveying real estate, "that he will warrant generally the property hereby conveyed," or a grant of real estate in which the granting words are followed by the words "with general warranty," shall have the same effect as if the grantor had covenanted that he, his heirs, devisees, and personal representatives will warrant and defend the said property unto the grantee, his heirs, devisees, personal representatives, and assigns against the claims and demands of all persons whomsoever.

Sec. 507. A covenant by a grantor, in a deed conveying real estate, "that he will warrant specially the property hereby conveyed," or a grant of real estate in which the granting words are followed by the words "with special warranty," shall have the same effect as if the grantor had covenanted that he, his heirs, devisees, and personal representatives will forever warrant and defend the said property unto the grantee, his heirs, devisees, personal representatives, and assigns against the claims and demands of the grantor and all persons claiming or to claim by, through, or under him.

Sec. 1025.

R. 8. D. C., 458.

Sec. 508. A covenant by the grantor, in a deed of land, "that the said grantee shall quietly enjoy said land,' shall have the same effect as if he had covenanted that the said grantee, his heirs and assigns, shall, at any and all times hereafter, peaceably and quietly enter upon, have, hold, and enjoy the land conveyed by the deed or intended to be so conveyed, with all the rights, privileges, and appurtenances thereunto belonging, and to receive the rents and profits thereof, to and for his and their use and benefit, without any eviction, interruption, suit, claim, or demand whatsoever by the said grantor, his heirs or assigns, or any other person or persons whatever.

Sec. 509. A covenant by a grantor, in a deed of land, "that he has done no act to incumber said land," shall be construed to have the same effect as if he had covenanted that he had not done or executed or knowingly suffered any act, deed, or thing whereby the land and premises. conveyed, or intended so to be, or any part thereof, are or will be charged, affected, or incumbered in title, estate, or otherwise.

Sec. 510. A covenant by a grantor, in a deed of land, "that he will execute such further assurances of said land as may be requisite," shall have the same effect as if he had covenanted that he, his heirs or devisees, will, at any time, upon any reasonable request, at the charge of the grantee, his heirs or assigns, do, execute, or cause to be done and executed, all such further acts, deeds, and things, for the better, more perfectly and absolutely conveying and assuring the lands and premises conveyed unto the grantee, his heirs and assigns, as intended to be conveyed, as by the grantee, his heirs or assigns, or his or their counsel learned in the law, shall be reasonably devised, advised, or required.

Repealed (32 Stat., Part I, p. 532.)

[Sec. 511. IMPLIED COVENANTS.-No covenant shall be implied in any conveyance of real estate, whether such conveyance contains special covenants or not.]

Sec. 512. WHAT ESTATES MAY BE CONVEYED BY DEED.— Any interest in or claim to real estate, whether entitling to present or future possession and enjoyment, and whether vested or contingent, may be disposed of by deed or will, and any estate which would be good [at common law, as an executory devise, may be created by deed.

Sec. 513. CONVEYANCE OF LAND HELD ADVERSELY.Any person claiming title to land may convey his interest in the same, notwithstanding there may be an adverse possession thereof.

Sec. 514. ABSENCE OF ACKNOWLEDGMENT.-No deed or conveyance of squares or lots of public land in the city of Washington, made in pursuance of law prior [to March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three,]to the adop

tion of this code by the commissioner of public buildings or any other authorized officer, shall be deemed invalid in law for the want of an acknowledgment by the commissioner or other authorized officer before such judicial officers, as deeds of real property made between individuals are required by law to be acknowledged.

D. C., 459. Comp.

Sec. 515. DEFECTIVE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.-All deeds, Hevner v. Matthews, 4 D. C. and acknowledgments recorded in the land records of the App., 380; R. 8. District prior to the adoption of this code of any of the Stat., p. 494. following designated classes shall, in favor of parties in actual possession, claiming under and through such deeds, be deemed and held and are declared to be of the same effect and validity to pass the fee simple or other estate intended to be conveyed, and bar dower in the real estate therein mentioned, as if such deeds had in all respects been executed, acknowledged, proved, certified, and recorded according to law, namely:

First. All deeds which have been executed and acknowledged by married women, their husbands having signed and sealed the same, for conveying any real estate, or interest therein, situated in the District;"

Second. All acknowledgments of deeds which have been made by married women, whether they have executed the deed or not, for the purpose of releasing their claims to dower in the lands described therein, situated in the District, in which acknowledgments the form prescribed by law has not been followed;

Third. All deeds which have been executed and acknowledged by an attorney in fact duly appointed for conveying real estate situated in the District;

Fourth. All deeds executed and acknowledged, or only acknowledged by such attorney in fact, for conveying real estate situated in the District, as to which the acknowledgment was made before officers different from those before whom proof of the power of attorney was made, and as to which the power of attorney was proved before only one justice of the peace;

Fifth. All deeds for the purpose of conveying land situated in the District, acknowledged out of the District, before a judge of a United States court, or before two aldermen of a city, or the chief magistrate of a city, or before a notary public or other officer;

Sixth. All deeds for the purpose of conveying land situated in the District, acknowledged by an attorney in fact, duly appointed, or by an officer of a corporation, duly authorized, who has acknowledged the same to be his act and deed, instead of the act and deed of the grantor or of the corporation; and

Seventh. All deeds for the purpose of conveying land situated in the District to which there is not annexed a legal certificate as to the official character of the officer or officers taking the acknowledgment.

Sec. 516. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS BY MARRIED WOMEN.In all cases mentioned in the preceding section the cer

Ib.

R.S., D. C.,462.

Ib.

Ib.

tificate of acknowledgment by a married woman made prior to April tenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, must show that the acknowledgment was made "apart" or "privily" from her husband, or use some other term importing that her acknowledgment was made out of his presence, and also that she acknowledged or declared that she willingly executed or that she willingly acknowledged the deed, or that the same was her voluntary act, or to that effect.

Repealed (32 Stat., Part I, p, 532).

[Sec. 517. DoWER.-Any acknowledgment made by a married woman of any deed executed by her husband, and recorded as menitoned in section five hundred and fifteen, shall be good and effectual to bar all claim on her part to dower in the lands described therein, situated in the District, although she shall not have executed the same.]

Sec. 518. Power of ATTORNEY BY MARRIED WOMAN.When the power of attorney mentioned in section five hundred and fifteen [is] was executed by a married woman, the same shall be effectual and sufficient if there is such an acknowledgment of the same as would be sufficient, under the provisions of [this chapter] section five hundred and sixteen, to pass her estate and interest therein were she a party executing the deed of conveyance.

Sec. 519. RECORD OF DEEDS AS EVIDENCE. The record or a copy thereof of any deed recorded, as mentioned in sections five hundred and fifteen and five hundred and sixteen, shall be evidence thereof, in the same manner and shall have the same effect as if such deed had been originally executed, acknowledged, and recorded according to law. Act of June 30, 1902 (32 Stat., Part 1, p. 532).

(Repealed.)

[Sec. 519. RECORD OF DEED AS EVIDENCE.-The record and copy thereof of any deed recorded, as mentioned in section five hundred and fifteen, shall be evidence thereof, in the same manner and shall have the same effect as if such deed had been originally executed, acknowledged, and recorded according to law.]

Sec. 520. [The] In all cases of deeds executed and acknowledged prior to the adoption of this code, the acts of Congress approved May thirty-first, eighteen hundred and thirty-two, and April twentieth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight, in reference to the acknowledgment and recording of deeds of lands situated in the District, shall be taken and construed as cumulative with the acts of Maryland on the same subject in force in the District at the passage thereof, and an acknowledgment made and certified in compliance with any one of said acts, and before any officer authorized by either of said acts to take an acknowledgment, whether in or out of the District, shall be good and effectual.