"Sec. 4,956. No person shall be entitled to a copyright unless he shall, on or before the day of publication in this or any foreign country, deliver at the office of the Librarian of Congress, or deposit in the mail wit in the U. S., addressed to the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, District of Columbia, a printed copy of the title of the book, map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, engrav ing, cut, print, photograph, or chromo, or a description of the painting, drawing, statue, statuary, or a model or design for a work of the fine arts for which he desires a copyright, nor unless he shall also, not later than the day of the publica. tion thereof in this or any foreign country, deliver at the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C., or deposit in the mail within the U. S. addressed to the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C., two copies of such copyright book, map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, engraving, chromo, cut, print, photograph, or in case of a painting, drawing, statue, statuary, model, or design for a work of the fine arts, a photograph of same: Provided, That in the case of a book, photograph, chromo or lithograph, the two copies of the same required to be delivered or deposited as above shall be printed from type set within the limits of the U. S., or from plates made therefrom, or from negatives, or drawings on stone made within the limits of the U. S., or from transfers made therefrom. During the existence of such copyright the importation into the U. S. of any book, chromo, or lithograph, or photograph so copyrighted, or any edition or editions thereof, or any plates of the same not made from type set, negatives or drawings on stone made within the limits of the U. S., shall be, and it is hereby prohibicu, except in the cases specified in paragraphs five hundred and twelve to five hundred and sixteen, inclusive, in section two of the act entitled "An act to reduce the revenue and equalize the duties on imports, and for other purposes,' approved Oct. 1, 1890, and except in the case of persons purchasing for use and not for sale, who import subject to the duty thereon not more than two copies of such book at any one time; and except in the case of newspapers and magazines, not containing in whole or in part matter copyrighted under the provisions of this act, unauthorized by the author, which are hereby exempted from prohibition of importation: Provided, neve. the less, That in the case of books in foreign languages, of which only translations in Eng. lish are copyrighted, the prohibition of importation shall apply only to the translation of the same, and the importation of the books in the original language shall be per.

mitted."

"Sec. 4,958. The Librarian of Congress shall receive from persons to whom the services designated are rendered the following fees: 1. For recording the title or description of any copyright book or other article, 50 cents. 2. For every copy under seal of such record actually given to the person claiming the copyright, or his assigns, 50 cents. 3. For recording and certifying any instrument of writing for the assignment of a copyright, $1. 4. For every copy of an assignment, $1. All fees so received shall paid into the Treasury of the U. S.: Provided, That the charge for recording the title or description of any article entered for copyright, the p:oduction of a person not a citizen or resident of the U. S., shall be $1, to be paid as above into the Treasury of the U. S., to defray the expenses of lists of copyrighted articles as hereinafter provided for. And it is hereby made the duty of the Librarian of Congress to furnish to the Secretary of the Treasury copies of the entries of titles of all books and other articles wherein the copyright has been completed by the deposit of two copies of such book printed from type set within the limits of the U. S. in accordance with the provisions of this act and by the deposit of two copies of such other article made or produced in the Ü. S.: and the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby directed to prepare and print at inter vals of not more than a week, catalogues of such title-entries for distribution to the col lectors of customs of the U. S., and to the postmasters of all postoffices receiving for eign mails, and such weekly lists, as they are issued, shall be furnished to all parties desiring them, at a sum not exceeding $5 per annum; and the Secretary and the Po-tmaster-General are hereby empowered and equired to make and enforce such rules and regulations as shall prevent the importation into the U. S., except upon the condi tions above specified, of all articles prohibited by this act."

the

"Sec. 4,959. The proprietor of every copyright book or other article shall deliver at the office of the Librarian of Congress, or deposit in the mail, addressed to the L brarian of Congress, at Washington, District of Columbia, a copy of every subsequent edition where in any substantial changes shall be made: Provided, however, That alterations, revisions and additions made to books by foreign authors, heretofore putlished, of which new editions shall appear subsequently to the taking effect of this act, shall be held and deemed capable of being copyrighted as above provided for in this act, unless they form a part of the series in course of publication at the time this act shall take effect."

"Sec. 4,933. Every person who shall insert or impress such no ice, or words of the same purport, in or upon any book, map, chart. dramatic or musical composition, print, cut, engraving, or photograph, or other article, for which he has not obtained a copyright, shall be liable to a penalty of $100, recoverable one-half for the person who shall sue for such penalty and one-half to the use of the U. S.”

"See. 4,964. Every person, who after the recording of the title of any book and the depositing of two copies of such book, as provided by this act, shall, contrary to the provisions of this act, within the term limited, and without the con ent of the proprietor of the copyright first obtained in writing, signed in presence of two or more witnesses, print, publish, dramatize, translate, or import, or knowing the same to be so printed, published, dramatized, translated, or imported, shall sell or expose to sale any copy of such book, shall forfeit every copy thereof to such p oprietor, and shall also forfeit and pay such damages as may be recovered in a civil action by such proprietor in any court of competent jurisdiction."

PUBLIC ACTS.

"Sec. 4,965. If any person, after the recording of the title of any map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, print, cut, engraving, or photograph, or chromo, or of the description of any painting, drawing, statue, statuary, or model or design intended to be perfected and executed as a work of the fine arts, as provided by this act, shall within the term limited, contrary to the provisions of this act, and without the consent of the proprietor of the copyright first obtained in writing, signed in presence of two or more witnesses, engrave, etch, work, copy, print, publish, dramatize, translate, or transdramatized, import, either in whole or in part, or by varying the main design with intent to evade map or of such the law, or, knowing the same to be so printed, published, for sale any copy shall sell or expose to shall forfeit he the proprietor all the plates aforesaid, thereof, either copand copied, every sheet shall be one forfeit dollar for every sheet of the further and shall same found in his possession, either printing, printed, copied, published, imported, or exposed for sale, and in case of painting, statue or statuary, he shall forfeit ten dollars for every copy of the same in his possession, or by him sold or exposed for sale; one-half thereof to the proprietor and the other half to the U. S.”

lated, or imported, other article

on

as which the same led or printed,

"Sec. 4,967. Every person who shall print or publish any manuscript whatever without the consent of the author or proprietor first obtained, shall be liable to the author or proprietor for all damages occasioned by such injury.

That section 4,971 of the Revised Statutes bc, and the same is hereby, repealed. That for the purpose of this act each volume of a book in two or more volumes when such volumes are published separately and the first one shall not have been issued before this act shall take effect, and each number of a periodical shall be considered an independent publication, subject to the form of copyrighting as above.

That this act shall go into effect on the first day of July, 1891.

That this act shall only apply to a citizen or subject of a foreign State or Nation when such foreign State or Nat'on permits to citizens of the U. S. of America the benefit of copyright on substantially the same basis as its own citizens; or when such foreign State or Nation is a party to an international agreement which provides for 1eThe existence of ciprocity in the granting of copyright, by the terms of which agreement the U. S. of America may, at its pleasure, become a party to such agreement. either of the conditions aforesaid shall be determined by the President of the U. S. by proclamation made from time to time as the purposes of this act may require.”

INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT AMENDED.

This act of February 10, 1891, anfends Sec. 12 of the original act of Feb. 4, 1887, to read:

"That the Commission hereby created shall have authority to inquire into the management of the business of all common carriers subject to the provisions of this act, and shall keep itself informed as to the manner and method in which the same is conducted, and shall have the right to obtain from such common carriers full and complete information necessary to enable the Commission to perform the duties and carry out the objects for which it was created; and the Commission is hereby authorized and required to execute and enforce the provisions of this act; and, upon the request of prosecute under the the Commission, it shall be the duty of any district-attorney of the U. S. to whom the Commission may apply to institute in the proper court and to direction of the Attorney-General of the U. S. all necessary proceedings for the enforce. ment or the provisions of this act and for the punishment of all violations thereof, and the costs and expenses of such prosecution shall be paid out of the appropriation testimony of for the expenses of the courts of the U. S.; and for the purposes of this act te Commission shall have power to require, by subpoena, the attendance and witnesses and the production of all books, papers, tariffs, contracts, agreements, and documents relating to any matter under investigation.

"Such at endance of witnesses, and the production of such documentary evidence, may be required from any place in the U. S., at any designat d place of hearing. And in case of disobedience to a subpoena the Commission, or any party to a proceeding before the Commission, may invoke the aid of any court of the U. S. in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of books, pap rs, and documents under the provisions of this section.

"And any of the circuit courts of the U. S. within the jurisdiction of which such inquiry is carried on may, in case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to any common carrier subject to the provisions of this act, or other person, issue an oder requiring such common carrier or other person to appear before said Commission (and produce books and papers if so ordered) and give evidence touching the matter in question; and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such The claim that any such testimony or evidence may tend court as a contempt thereof. to criminate the person giving such evidence shall not excuse such witness from testifying; but such evidence or testimony shall not be used against such person on the trial of any criminal proceeding.

"The testimony of any witness may be taken, at the instance of a party, in any proThe Commission may ceeding or investigation depending before the Commission, by deposition, at any time after a cause or proceeding is at issue on petition and answer. Such depositions may also order testimony to be taken by deposition in any proceeding or investigation pend. ing before it, at any stage of such proceeding or investigation. or judge of a be taken before any judge of any court of the U. S., or any commissioner of a circuit. or any clerk of a district or circuit court, or any chancellor, justice, supreme or superior court, mayor or chief magistrate of a city, judge of a county court, or court of common pleas of any of the U. S., or any notary public, not being of coun

sel or attorney to either of the parties, nor interested in the event of the proceeding or investigation. Reasonable notice must first be given in writing by the party or his attorney proposing to take such deposition to the opposite party or his attorney of record, as either may be nearest, which notice shall state the name of the witness and the time and place of the taking of his deposition. Any person may be compelled to appear and depose, and to produce documentary evidence, in the same manner as witnesses may be compelled to appear and testify and 1roduce documentary evidence before the Commission as hereinbefore provided.

"Every person deposing as herein provided shall be cautioned and sworn (or affirm, if he so request) to testify the whole truth, and shall be carefully examined. His testi. mony shall be reduced to writing by the magistrate taking the deposition, or under his direction, and shall, after it has been reduced to writing, be subscribed by the deponent.

"If a witness whose testimony may be desired to be taken by deposition be in a foreign country, the deposition may be taken before an officer or person designated by the Commission, or agreed upon by the parties by stipulation in writing to be filed with the Commission. All depositions must be promptly filed with the Commission."

Witnesses whose depositions are taken pursuant to this act, and the magistrate or other officer taking the same, shall severally be entitled to the same fees as are paid for like services in the courts of the U. s.

JUDICIAL LEGISLATION.

The act of March 3, 1891, provides for the appointment, in each circuit, of an additional circuit judge, with the same power and jurisdiction therein as the circuit judges now have. In each circuit there is created a Circuit Court of Appeals, of three judges. The justices of the Supreme Court assigned to each circuit, the cir cuit judges within each circuit, and the district judge within each circuit constitute the new court. No appeal, whether by writ of error or otherwise, shall hereafter be taken or allowed from any district court to the existing circuit courts, and no appe late jurisdiction shall be exercised or allowed by the existing circuit courts, but all ap peals from the district courts shall only be subject to review in the U. S. Supreme Court, or in the circuit courts of appeals hereby established, and the review, by appeal, by writ of error, or otherwise, from the existing circuit courts shall be had only in the U. S. Supreme Court, or in the circuit courts of appeals hereby established according to the provisions of this act.

Appeals or writs of error may be taken from the district courts or from the existing circuit courts direct to the Supreme Court in any case in which the jurisdiction of the court is in issue; in such cases the question of jurisdiction alone shall be certified to the Supreme Court from the court below for decision; from the final sentences and decrees in prize causes; in cases of conviction of a capital or otherwise infamous crime; in any case that involves the construction or application of the U. S. Constitution; in any case in which the constitutionality of any U. S. law, or the va lidity or construction of any treaty made under U. S. authority, is drawn in ques tion; in any case in which the constitution or law of a State is claimed to be in contravention of the Constitution of the U. S. Nothing in this act shall affect the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in cases appealed from the highest court of a State, nor the construction of the statute providing for review of such cases.

The circuit courts of appeals established by this act shall exercise appellate jurisdiction to review by appeal or by writ of error final dec's on in the district court and the existing circuit courts in all cases other than those provided for in the preceding section, unless otherwise provided by law, and the judgments or decrees of the circuit courts of appeals shall be final in all cases in which the jurisdiction is dependent entirely upon the opposite parties to the suit or controversy, being aliens and citizens of the U. S. or citizens of different States; also in all cases aris. ing under the patent laws, the revenue laws, and the criminal laws and in admi a'ty cases, excepting that in every such subject within its appellate jurisdict on the cir cuit court of appeals at any time may certify to the Supreme Court of the U. S. any questions or propositions of law concerning which it desires the instruction of that Court for its proper decision. And thereupon the Supreme Court may either give its instruction on the questions and propositions certified to it, which shall be binding upon the circuit court of appeals in such case, or it may require that the whole record and cause may be sent up to it for its consideration, and thereupon shall de ide the whole matter in controversy in the same manner as if it had been brought there for review by writ of error or appeal. And in any such case as is herein before made final in the circuit court of appeals it shall be competent for the Supreme Court to require, by certiorari or otherwise, any such case to be certified to the Supr me Court for its review and determination with the same power and authority in the case as if it had been carried by appeal or writ of error to the Supreme Court. In all cases not herein before, in this section, made final there shall be of right an appeal or writ of error or review of the case by the Supreme Court of the U. S. where the matter in controversy shall exceed $1,000 besides costs. Put ro such app al shall be taken or writ of error sued out unless within one year after the entry of the order, judgment, or decree sought to be reviewed.

"LAND GRANT" LEGISLATION.

The act of September 29, 1890, "to forfeit certain lands heretofore granted for the purpose of aiding in the construction of railroads," etc., is amended so that the period within which settlers, purchasers and others may make application to purchase lands for feited under the act, or to make or move to perfect any homestead entries it preserves er authorizes when such period begins to run from the passage of the act, shall begin

to run from the date of the promulgation by the Commissioner of the General Land Office of the instructions to the officers of the local land offices, for their direction in the disposition of said lands. Nothing herein shall extend any time or enlarge any rights given by said act to any railroad company.

NAVY, INCREASE OF.

The Navy Appropriation Act provides that, for the purpose of increasing the U. S. Naval establishment, the President is authorized to have constructed by contract one protected cruiser of about 7,300 tons displacement, as a cost, exclusive of armament, not to exceed $2,750,000, to have a maximum speed of not less than 21 knots, and in the construction all of the provisions of the act of August 3. 1886. entitled: "An act to increase the Naval Establishment" as to materials for the vessel, its engines, boilers and machinery, the contract under which it is built, the notice of any proposals for the same, the plans, drawings, specifications therefor, and the method of executing the contract, shall be observed and followed, and the vessel shall be built in compliance with the terms of that act, save that in all its parts it shall be of domestic manufacture. In the contract for construction, provisions for minimum speed and for premiums for increased speed and penalties for deficient speed, may be made subject to the terms of this bill, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Navy, and if the Secretary shall be unable to contract at reasonable prices for the construction, then he may build the same in such Navy Yard as he may designate. So much of the act approved March 2, 1889, as authorized the construction by contract of one armored steel cruising monitor of not less than 3,000 tons displacement, at a cost not exceeding $1,500,000, exclusive of armament, and any premium for increased speed, is hereby repealed.

Other minor appropriations were made for epuipment, etc., making the total for increase of the Navy, $16,607,000. It was also enacted that no contract for the purchase of gun-steel or armor for the Navy shall hereafter be made until the subject matter of the same shall have been submitted to public competition by the Department by advertisement.

(See also "Army Legislation.")

PENSION LEGISLATION.

MEXICAN SOLDIERS.

The Act of March 2, 1891, amends Section 2 of the Act of March 2, 1889, to pension soldiers of the War with Mexico so as to read in Subdivision 3: "Third-That such soldier was a minor, and was enlisted without the consent of his parent or guardian, and was released or discharged from such service by the order or decree of any State or U. S. court on habeas corpus or other judicial proceedings, and in such case such soldier shall not be entitled to any bounty or allowance, or pay for any time such soldier was not in the performance of military duty."

UNION SOLDIERS OF THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.

Section 4,787, Revised Statutes, is amended to entitle those who have received ar tificial limbs from the War Department to a new limb or apparatus at the expiration of every "three" years (instead of "Eve"). The Act of March 3, 1891, provides that hereafter no pension shall be allowed or paid to any officer, non-commissioned officer, or private in the U. S. Army, or Marine Corps, either on the active or retired list; that no agent or attorney shall demand, receive or be allowed any compensation under existing law exceeding $2 in any claim for increase of pension on account of increase of disability, or for services in securing the passage of any special act of Congress in any case that has been presented at the Pension Office or is allowable under the general pension laws. Any agent instrumental in prosecuting any claim for increase of pension on account of increase of disability, or who has rendered services in procuring the passage of any such special act of Congress, who shall directly or indirectly demand or retain any compensation for such services, except as herein before provided, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, for each offence, be fined not exceeding $500 or imprisoned for not exceeding two years, or both. The foregoing provisions in relation to fees of agents or attorneys do not apply to any case now pending where there is an existing lawful contract expressed or implied.

POSTOFFICE LEGISLATION.

FRANKING PRIVILEGE FOR LETTERS.

The Act of March 3, 1891, enacts that the members elected to Congress shall have the privilege of sending free through the mails, and under their frank, letters to any officer of the Government when addressed officially.

OCEAN MAIL SERVICE.

The Act of March 3, 1891, authorizes and empowers the Postmaster-General to enter into contracts for a term of not less than five nor more than ten years with American citizens, for earrying mails on American steamships, between ports of the U. S. and such ports in foreign countries, the Dominion of Canada excepted, as in his judgment will best subserve and promote the postal and commercial interests of the U. S., the mail service on such lines to be equitably distributed among the Atlantic, Mexican Gulf and Pacific ports. Said contracts shall be made with the lowest responsible bidder on each route, and the Postmaster-General shall have the right to reject all unreasonable bids.

Before making any contract for carrying ocean mails the Postmaster-General my give public notice by advertising once a week, for three months, in daily papers in car

the cities of Boston, New-York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New-Orleans, St. Louis, Charles. ton, Norfolk, Savannah, Galveston and Mobile, and when the proposed service is to be on the Pacific Ocean, then in San Francisco, Tacoma and Portland. Such notice shall describe the route, the time when the contract will be made, its duration, the size of the steamers to be used, the number of trips a year, the times of sailing, and the time when the service shall commence, which shall not be more than three years after the contract shall be let. The details of the mode of advertising and letting such contracts shall be conducted in the manner prescribed in Chapter 8, Title 46, Revised Statutes for letting inland mail contracts, so far as that shall be applicable to the ocean mail service. The vessels employed in the mail service under this act shall be American-built steamships, owned and officered by American citizens, in conformity with the existing laws, or so owned and officered and registered according to law, and upon each departure from the U. S. the following proportion of the crew shall be citizens of the U. S.: During the first two years of such contract for carrying the mails, one-fourth; during the next three succeeding years, one-third; and during the remaining time of the continuance of such contract, at least one-half; and shall be constructed after the latest and most approved design. They shall be divided into four classes. The first class shall be fron or steel screw steamships capable of running twenty Knots an hour a sca in ordinary weather, and of a gross registered tonnage of not less than 8,000 tons. Νο vessel exceps of first-class shall be accepted for mail service under přovisions of this act between the U. S. and Great Britain. The second class shall be iron or steel steamships, capable of running sixteen knots an hour at sea in ordinary weather, and of a gross registered tonnage of not less than 5,000 tons; the third class, iron or steel steamships, speed, fourteen knots an hour at sea in ordinary weather, gross registered tonnage, not less than 2,500 tons; fourth class, fron steel or wooden steamships, speed, twelve knots an hour at sea in ordinary weather, gross registered tonnage, 1,500 tons. It shall be stipulated in the contract or contracts to be entered into for the mail service that the vessels may carry passengers with their baggage in addition to mails and may do all ordinary business done by steamships.

or

All steamships of the first, second, and third classes employed as above end hereafter built shall be constructed with particular reference to prompt and economical conversion into auxiliary naval cruisers, and according to plans and specifications to be agreed upon between the owners and the Secretary of the Navy, and they shall be of sufficient strength and stability to carry and sustain the working and operation of at least four effective rifled cannon of a calibre of not less than six inches, and shall be of the highest rating known to maritime commerce. All of said three classes heretofore built and so employed shall, before they are accepted for the mail service, be thoroughly inspected by a competent naval officer or constructor detailed by the Secretary of the Navy; and such officer shall report, in writing, to the Secretary of the Navy, who shall transmit report to the Postmaster-General; and no such vessel not approved by the Secretary of the Navy as suitable for the service required shall be employed.

The rate of compensation for such ocean mail service of the first class ships shall not exceed $4 a mile; for the second-class ships $2 a mile, by the shortest practicable route, for each outward voyage; for the third-class ships, $1 a mile, and for the fourthclass ships, two-thirds of $1 a mile for the actual number of miles required by the Postoffice Department to be travelled on each outward bound voyage. In case of failure from any cause to perform the regular voyages stipulated for, a pro rata deduction shall be made from the compensation, and suitable fines and penalties may be imposed for delays or irregularities in the due performance of service according to the contract, to be determined by the Postmaster-General. No steamship so employed ard so paid for carrying the U. S. mails shall receive any other bounty or subsidy from the Treasury of the U. S.

Upon each of said vessels the U. S. shall be entitled to have transported, free of charge, a mail-messenger, whose duty it shall be to receive, sort, take in charge and deliver the mails to and from the U. S., and who shall be provided with suitable accommodation for himself and the mails.

Officers of the United States Navy may volunteer for service on said mail yes-els, and when accepted by the contractor or contractors may be assigned to such duty by the Secretary of the Navy whenever, in his opinion, such assignment can be made without detriment to the Service, and while in said employment they shall receive furlough pay from the Government, and such other compensation from the contractor or contractors as may be agreed upon by the parties, provided, that they shall only be required to perform such duties as appertain to the merchant service. Such vessels shall take as cadets or apprentices, one American-born boy under 21 years of age for each 1,000 tons gross regis. ter, and one for each majority fraction, who shall be educated in the duties of seamanship, rank as petty officers, and receive reasonable pay for their services. Such steamers may be taken and used by the U. S. as trinsports or cruisers, on payment to the own. ers of the fair actual value of the same at the time of the taking, and if there shall be a disagreement as to this value, between the U. S. and the owners, then the same shall be determined by two impartial appraisers, one to be appointed by each party, both at the same time selecting a third, who shall act in case the tw shall fail to agree.

PUBLIC LAND LEGISLATION.

The act of March 3. 1891, repeals the timber culture law of June 14, 1878. and its supplements. It amends Section 2,289, Revised Statutes, the homestead section, so as to read that every person who is the head of a family, or who is twenty-one years old, and a citizen, or who has filed his declaration of intention to become such, shall be entitled to enter one-quarter section, or a less quantity, of