The Economic Aspects of European By Isaac A. Hourwich, Ph.D. G. P. Putnam's Sons PREFACE THE HE Immigration Commission, after three years of investigation, reached the conclusion that our immigration policy "should be based primarily upon economic or business considerations." This conclusion has determined the scope of the present book: it treats immigration solely as an economic question. For the same reason the discussion is confined to European immigration, Oriental · immigration being viewed by many students primarily as a race question, which reaches out beyond the domain of economics. The author gratefully acknowledges his indebtedness to Mr. William W. Bishop, superintendent of the Reading Room, Library of Congress, who obligingly placed at his disposal the exceptional facilities of the Library; to Mr. W. W. Husband, secretary of the Immigration Commission, who courteously gave him access to the proof sheets of the reports of the Commission, in advance of their publication; and to the young men and women who assisted him in the preparation of the material for this book. I. A. H. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 23, 1912. រ Difference between the old and the new immigration quantitative, Immigration and emigration regulated by demand for labor. The myth of imported immigrants. Unemployment the result of industrial maladjustment Unemployment varies inversely with immigration Limited demand for immigrant labor in agriculture Effect of immigration not racial displacement, but evolution of an English-speaking aristocracy of labor Causes of the decrease of emigration from Northern and Western Race suicide unrelated to immigration Economic reason for the predominance of unskilled laborers among The standard of living of the recent immigrant not inferior to that Higher standard of living of the American workman maintained with the aid of his children's wages Native workmen and older immigrants not underbid by recent Employment of immigrants in large numbers going together with Reduction of child labor in States with a large immigrant popu- lation. Child labor a substitute for immigration Work accidents not the result of immigration Immigration and trade-unionism. Union membership rising and falling with the rise and fall of immigration Organization among the unskilled . Regulation of terms of employment by conferences between organ- |
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