The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Arctic and AntarcticPenguin, 2003 - 326 lappuses Now armchair adventurers can find out about the physical, geological, and climatological conditions of the poles; their unique flora, fauna, and human inhabitants; the history of the greatest polar expeditions, the exciting scientific research being conducted there, and what changing climate conditions might mean to the future of this vast and fascinating realm. |
Saturs
Meet the Polar Regions | 1 |
Meet the Arctic and Antarctic | 3 |
Polar Means More Than Cold | 4 |
Temperatures Plunge on Long Nights | 5 |
Lets Take an Arctic Journey | 6 |
Winter Sky Isnt Completely Dark | 7 |
Its a Long Way Across | 9 |
End of the Earth Is Otherworldly | 10 |
The ICY Begins with a Blood Red Sky | 143 |
LongDistance Exploration Resumes | 144 |
Shackletons Dream Is Finally Realized | 145 |
The Polar Regions Today | 147 |
Todays Life in the Arctic | 149 |
Alaskas Natives Reach a Land Agreement | 150 |
Native Traditions Include Science | 151 |
Whaling Is Key to Inupiat Culture | 152 |
Frostbite and Sunburn Are Polar Dangers | 11 |
Life on The Ice Takes a Holiday | 13 |
Poles Offer Dangerous Weather Under Glorious Skies | 15 |
Earths Tilt Chills the Poles | 16 |
Summer Sunlight Not as Powerful as Elsewhere | 17 |
How the Polar Air Conditioners Work | 18 |
Frigid Ocean Helps Warm the Arctic | 19 |
The Arctic Is Dry Even Near the Ocean | 20 |
Antarctica Has a Cold Cold Heart | 21 |
Katabatic Winds Are Downhill Racers | 22 |
You Can See Visions in the Cold Air | 23 |
Sun Dogs Live in Icy Skies | 24 |
Frigid Landscapes Arent All Alike | 25 |
The Tundra Isnt Frozen All Year | 26 |
Permafrost Keeps the Tundra Wet | 27 |
Spring Brings Violent Floods | 28 |
The Ground Is Busier Than You Think | 29 |
Greenland Is Like No Place Else | 30 |
Lets Take a Quick Look at Antarctica | 31 |
Imagine Antarctica Without Ice | 32 |
Salty Lakes Eroded Rocks Mummified Seals | 33 |
Worlds Southernmost Volcano Dominates Landscape | 34 |
The Strange Cold World of Ice | 35 |
Water Is Common and Complicated | 36 |
How to Understand LowDensity Ice | 37 |
Falling Snow Builds Glaciers | 38 |
Where to Find Glaciers | 39 |
Ice Reaches the End of the Road | 40 |
Ice Rules in Antarctica | 41 |
West Antarctic Sheet Is One to Watch | 42 |
States That Float on the Ocean | 43 |
Bergs Help Keep the Ice in Balance | 44 |
Icy Oceans Have Global Reach | 47 |
Ice Creates the Globes Biggest Seasonal Changes | 49 |
Arctic Ice Floats on the Edge of Melting | 50 |
Arctic Ice Has a Chance to Grow Old | 51 |
Arctic Reaches Out to the Worlds Oceans | 53 |
Antarctic Waters Ups Downs Are Important | 54 |
Wind and Earths Rotation Create Divergence | 55 |
Worlds Largest Ocean Current Circles Antarctica | 56 |
Life in the Polar Regions | 59 |
Arctic Ocean Life Algae to Polar Bears | 61 |
Swimming Up the Arctic Ocean Food Web | 62 |
Tiny Life Finds a Home in Ice | 63 |
Keeping Warm While Living in Cold Water | 64 |
Ice Cold Water Danger | 65 |
All Whales Are Big but Not Alike | 66 |
You Dont Want to Meet a Polar Bear | 67 |
Life Adapts to the Frigid Southern Ocean | 69 |
Regular Delivery of Nutrients Enhances Life | 70 |
Antifreeze Is Only Part of Survival | 71 |
Marine Mammals Thrive in the Southern Ocean | 72 |
Leopard Seals Spread Fear Across Ice | 73 |
Whales Are Mostly Summer Visitors to Antarctica | 74 |
The Family That Hunts Together Eats More | 75 |
Life Is Hard for Arctic Plants and Animals | 77 |
Plants Hug the Ground to Survive | 78 |
Animal Survival Means Not Being Eaten | 79 |
Some Head South for the Winter | 80 |
Birds Flock to the Arctic in Summer | 81 |
Birds Stay Busy in the Short Summer | 82 |
Dont Mess with Musk Oxen | 83 |
Living on the Antarctic Continent Is Tough | 87 |
Cold and Dryness Are the Main Challenges | 88 |
Despite Appearances the Dry Valleys Arent Dead | 89 |
Antarcticas Ice Isnt as Dead as It Seems | 90 |
Giant Petrels Help Keep the Southern Ocean Clean | 91 |
Some See Skuas as Gangsters with Wings | 92 |
Everyone Seems to Adore Penguins | 93 |
Emperor Penguins Are Real Tough Guys | 94 |
Going to the Ends of the Earth | 97 |
The First People Move into the Arctic | 99 |
People Begin to Move into the Cold | 100 |
In Europe the Sami Settle Lapland | 101 |
Tuniits Were First YearRound Arctic Residents | 102 |
Climate Cooling Forced Innovations | 103 |
Inuits Invent Dogsleds Big Boats and Wealth | 104 |
Europeans Head to the Ends of the Earth | 107 |
A Dream Drives Men Deeper and Deeper into the Ice | 108 |
Hazards and Delusions Bedevil Explorers | 109 |
Even Getting a Drink of Water Can Be Hard | 110 |
Meanwhile at the Other End of the Earth | 111 |
Back to the Arctic and a Disaster | 112 |
Government Interest in Arctic Exploration Wanes | 113 |
A Century Begins with Heroic Age of Exploration | 115 |
The Time Is Ripe to Reach the Poles | 116 |
Scott and His Men Head South into the Unknown | 117 |
Shackleton Returns Almost Makes South Pole | 118 |
Amundsen Makes It a Race to the South Pole | 119 |
Scott and His Men Show How Much Humans Can Endure | 120 |
Shackleton Ends the Heroic Age with a Survival Tale | 121 |
Wind Ice Carry Away the Partys Ship Supplies | 122 |
Polar Exploration Between the Wars | 125 |
The Heroic Age Gives Way to the Air Age | 126 |
Polar Explorers Give Up Dogs for Aircraft | 127 |
Questions Arise About Byrds North Pole Flight | 128 |
A Second Airship Expedition Ends in Disaster | 129 |
New Technology Doesnt Drive Out the Old | 130 |
Amundsens ThreeMonth Trip Takes Less Than a Day | 131 |
Byrd Returns to Answer Scientific Questions | 132 |
Byrd Almost Dies Alone on the Ice | 133 |
Science and Publicity Mark the Expedition | 134 |
Big Science Comes to the Polar Regions | 137 |
The USA and USSR Turn Their Eyes to the Arctic | 138 |
The United States Returns to Antarctica | 139 |
Navy Pioneers a Base and a Way South | 140 |
The Navy Worries About Flying to the Pole | 141 |
A Special Breed Builds the Pole Station | 142 |
Greenland Is Not Quite Independent | 153 |
Fishing Is Greenlands Big Export Industry | 154 |
Russias Inuit Returning to Traditional Ways | 155 |
Wildlife Refuge Is the Big Battleground | 156 |
Traditional Doesnt Mean Unchanging | 157 |
No One Owns Any of Antarctica | 159 |
Countries Contended for Parts of Antarctica | 160 |
Cold War Complicates Conflict Over Claims | 161 |
The Cold War Cools Off in Antarctica | 162 |
The Treaty Sidesteps National Claims | 163 |
The Antarctic Has a Long History of Exploitation | 164 |
Antarctica Is No Longer Where Only the Boys Are | 165 |
The Navy Ends Its Policy of Men Only on Planes | 166 |
Taking to the Air in Antarctica | 167 |
Airplane Spends Fifteen Years Buried in the Snow | 169 |
The Air National Guard Takes Over in Antarctica | 170 |
Polar Flying Is Never Routine | 171 |
A Crevasse Snags an Airplane | 172 |
Antarcticas Weather Is Hard to Forecast | 174 |
Airplanes Rescue Two South Pole Doctors | 175 |
Going to Work in Antarctica | 179 |
Living in the Field Isnt Quite as Comfortable | 181 |
A New Station Is Going Up at the South Pole | 182 |
Travel Requires Attending Happy Campers School | 184 |
How to Find a Job in Antarctica | 185 |
Students and Teachers Head for the Poles | 186 |
Travel to the Polar Regions | 187 |
Polar Regions Are No Longer for Explorers Only | 188 |
The Arctic Is Easiest to Reach in Europe | 189 |
For Remoteness Go to Canadas Eastern Arctic | 190 |
Greenland Hard to Reach but Worth It | 191 |
How to Reach the North Pole Without Sled Dogs | 192 |
Fly to the North Pole and Jump Out | 193 |
Most Tourists Visit the Antarctic Peninsula | 194 |
Flights Give You Antarctica Without a Parka | 195 |
Todays Polar Science | 199 |
Antarctic Skies and Stars | 201 |
A Privileged Few See the Southern Lights | 203 |
Auroras Begin with the Sun | 204 |
Antarcticas Frigid Sky Makes Astronomers Glow | 205 |
Pole Instruments Track FarAway Space Violence | 206 |
AMANDA and IceCube Detect Cosmic Crashes | 207 |
South Pole Telescopes Get the Data | 208 |
Fossil Radiation Cooled and Stretched | 209 |
The Next Big Leap Forward Is a Huge Telescope | 210 |
Scientists Focus on the Arctic | 211 |
Scientific Interest in the Arctic Grows | 212 |
Hunters Help Track Seal with Radio | 213 |
Scientists Need to Understand Heat Budget | 214 |
A Permanent Station Wouldnt Work at North Pole | 215 |
Scientists Sail in Search for Answers | 217 |
Todays Data Will Help Model the Future | 218 |
Fresh Water Will Be a Focus of Arctic Science | 219 |
The Mysteries of Antarctic Ocean Life | 221 |
Life Seems to Be Coping with Ozone Loss | 223 |
All Life Defends Against Ultraviolet Light | 224 |
Unmanned Sub Finds Where Krill Hang Out | 225 |
Adelies Are Picky About Where They Live | 226 |
Ice Is Nice but Enough Is Enough | 227 |
The Mystery of the Cooling Continent Antarctica | 229 |
How Antarctica Turned from Warm to Cold | 230 |
Lava Lake Simmers Atop an Antarctic Mountain | 231 |
Magnetic Poles Shift and Switch | 232 |
Antarctica Hoards History on Ice Under the Ocean | 233 |
OceanBottom Sediments Record the Distant Past | 234 |
Rocks from Outer Space Bombard Antarctica | 235 |
Life in Extreme Environments | 237 |
Scientists Drill into a Frozen Lake | 238 |
Scientist Revives Ancient Life from Ice | 239 |
How the Lake and Its Life Grows | 240 |
Scientists Find Life in Vostok Core | 241 |
Anything in Lake at Least 400000 Years Old | 243 |
Lessons from the Ice | 244 |
The Polar Regions and the Rest of the World | 245 |
Polar Connections with the Rest of the World | 247 |
An Extreme Continent Has Extreme Effects | 249 |
How the Ozone Hole Came About | 250 |
Discovery of Ozone Hole Shocks Scientists | 251 |
How the Ozone Hole Works | 252 |
Oscillations Seen to Make the Climate Go Around | 253 |
Oscillations Can Help Solve Climate Puzzles | 255 |
Ice Tells Climate Stories | 257 |
Reading Ice Cores Is a Complicated Science | 259 |
Ice Cores Offer Records of Past Temperatures | 260 |
All Water Doesnt Weigh the Same | 261 |
Cores from Greenland Agree and Disagree | 262 |
Climate Switches Could Be in Polar Regions | 263 |
Cores Fill In for Unavailable Weather Data | 264 |
Is the Ice Melting? | 265 |
More Than Melting Is Involved in Ice Loss | 266 |
Big Icebergs Part of a Natural Cycle | 267 |
Scientists Have Some Ideas About the Collapse | 268 |
Researchers Wonder About Greenlands Ice | 269 |
Sea Ice Also Seems to Be Changing | 270 |
Sea Ice Increasing in Parts of Southern Ocean | 271 |
Researchers Hope for Help Finding Answers | 272 |
Global Warming and the Polar Regions | 275 |
The Northwest Passage Could Open by MidCentury | 277 |
More to It Than a Shorter Sea Route | 278 |
Ships Would Navigate a Legal Tangle | 279 |
Some Fear Warming Could Slow Ocean Currents | 280 |
The Antarctic Is Less Likely to See Big Changes | 281 |
Polar Regions Will Remain Places for Awe Adventure | 282 |
Glossary | 285 |
The Earths Poles | 299 |
Resources | 303 |
Index | 309 |
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