The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Arctic and Antarctic

Pirmais vāks
Penguin, 2003 - 326 lappuses
Now armchair adventurers can find out about the physical, geological, and climatological conditions of the poles; their unique flora, fauna, and human inhabitants; the history of the greatest polar expeditions, the exciting scientific research being conducted there, and what changing climate conditions might mean to the future of this vast and fascinating realm.
 

Atlasītās lappuses

Saturs

Meet the Polar Regions
1
Meet the Arctic and Antarctic
3
Polar Means More Than Cold
4
Temperatures Plunge on Long Nights
5
Lets Take an Arctic Journey
6
Winter Sky Isnt Completely Dark
7
Its a Long Way Across
9
End of the Earth Is Otherworldly
10
The ICY Begins with a Blood Red Sky
143
LongDistance Exploration Resumes
144
Shackletons Dream Is Finally Realized
145
The Polar Regions Today
147
Todays Life in the Arctic
149
Alaskas Natives Reach a Land Agreement
150
Native Traditions Include Science
151
Whaling Is Key to Inupiat Culture
152

Frostbite and Sunburn Are Polar Dangers
11
Life on The Ice Takes a Holiday
13
Poles Offer Dangerous Weather Under Glorious Skies
15
Earths Tilt Chills the Poles
16
Summer Sunlight Not as Powerful as Elsewhere
17
How the Polar Air Conditioners Work
18
Frigid Ocean Helps Warm the Arctic
19
The Arctic Is Dry Even Near the Ocean
20
Antarctica Has a Cold Cold Heart
21
Katabatic Winds Are Downhill Racers
22
You Can See Visions in the Cold Air
23
Sun Dogs Live in Icy Skies
24
Frigid Landscapes Arent All Alike
25
The Tundra Isnt Frozen All Year
26
Permafrost Keeps the Tundra Wet
27
Spring Brings Violent Floods
28
The Ground Is Busier Than You Think
29
Greenland Is Like No Place Else
30
Lets Take a Quick Look at Antarctica
31
Imagine Antarctica Without Ice
32
Salty Lakes Eroded Rocks Mummified Seals
33
Worlds Southernmost Volcano Dominates Landscape
34
The Strange Cold World of Ice
35
Water Is Common and Complicated
36
How to Understand LowDensity Ice
37
Falling Snow Builds Glaciers
38
Where to Find Glaciers
39
Ice Reaches the End of the Road
40
Ice Rules in Antarctica
41
West Antarctic Sheet Is One to Watch
42
States That Float on the Ocean
43
Bergs Help Keep the Ice in Balance
44
Icy Oceans Have Global Reach
47
Ice Creates the Globes Biggest Seasonal Changes
49
Arctic Ice Floats on the Edge of Melting
50
Arctic Ice Has a Chance to Grow Old
51
Arctic Reaches Out to the Worlds Oceans
53
Antarctic Waters Ups Downs Are Important
54
Wind and Earths Rotation Create Divergence
55
Worlds Largest Ocean Current Circles Antarctica
56
Life in the Polar Regions
59
Arctic Ocean Life Algae to Polar Bears
61
Swimming Up the Arctic Ocean Food Web
62
Tiny Life Finds a Home in Ice
63
Keeping Warm While Living in Cold Water
64
Ice Cold Water Danger
65
All Whales Are Big but Not Alike
66
You Dont Want to Meet a Polar Bear
67
Life Adapts to the Frigid Southern Ocean
69
Regular Delivery of Nutrients Enhances Life
70
Antifreeze Is Only Part of Survival
71
Marine Mammals Thrive in the Southern Ocean
72
Leopard Seals Spread Fear Across Ice
73
Whales Are Mostly Summer Visitors to Antarctica
74
The Family That Hunts Together Eats More
75
Life Is Hard for Arctic Plants and Animals
77
Plants Hug the Ground to Survive
78
Animal Survival Means Not Being Eaten
79
Some Head South for the Winter
80
Birds Flock to the Arctic in Summer
81
Birds Stay Busy in the Short Summer
82
Dont Mess with Musk Oxen
83
Living on the Antarctic Continent Is Tough
87
Cold and Dryness Are the Main Challenges
88
Despite Appearances the Dry Valleys Arent Dead
89
Antarcticas Ice Isnt as Dead as It Seems
90
Giant Petrels Help Keep the Southern Ocean Clean
91
Some See Skuas as Gangsters with Wings
92
Everyone Seems to Adore Penguins
93
Emperor Penguins Are Real Tough Guys
94
Going to the Ends of the Earth
97
The First People Move into the Arctic
99
People Begin to Move into the Cold
100
In Europe the Sami Settle Lapland
101
Tuniits Were First YearRound Arctic Residents
102
Climate Cooling Forced Innovations
103
Inuits Invent Dogsleds Big Boats and Wealth
104
Europeans Head to the Ends of the Earth
107
A Dream Drives Men Deeper and Deeper into the Ice
108
Hazards and Delusions Bedevil Explorers
109
Even Getting a Drink of Water Can Be Hard
110
Meanwhile at the Other End of the Earth
111
Back to the Arctic and a Disaster
112
Government Interest in Arctic Exploration Wanes
113
A Century Begins with Heroic Age of Exploration
115
The Time Is Ripe to Reach the Poles
116
Scott and His Men Head South into the Unknown
117
Shackleton Returns Almost Makes South Pole
118
Amundsen Makes It a Race to the South Pole
119
Scott and His Men Show How Much Humans Can Endure
120
Shackleton Ends the Heroic Age with a Survival Tale
121
Wind Ice Carry Away the Partys Ship Supplies
122
Polar Exploration Between the Wars
125
The Heroic Age Gives Way to the Air Age
126
Polar Explorers Give Up Dogs for Aircraft
127
Questions Arise About Byrds North Pole Flight
128
A Second Airship Expedition Ends in Disaster
129
New Technology Doesnt Drive Out the Old
130
Amundsens ThreeMonth Trip Takes Less Than a Day
131
Byrd Returns to Answer Scientific Questions
132
Byrd Almost Dies Alone on the Ice
133
Science and Publicity Mark the Expedition
134
Big Science Comes to the Polar Regions
137
The USA and USSR Turn Their Eyes to the Arctic
138
The United States Returns to Antarctica
139
Navy Pioneers a Base and a Way South
140
The Navy Worries About Flying to the Pole
141
A Special Breed Builds the Pole Station
142
Greenland Is Not Quite Independent
153
Fishing Is Greenlands Big Export Industry
154
Russias Inuit Returning to Traditional Ways
155
Wildlife Refuge Is the Big Battleground
156
Traditional Doesnt Mean Unchanging
157
No One Owns Any of Antarctica
159
Countries Contended for Parts of Antarctica
160
Cold War Complicates Conflict Over Claims
161
The Cold War Cools Off in Antarctica
162
The Treaty Sidesteps National Claims
163
The Antarctic Has a Long History of Exploitation
164
Antarctica Is No Longer Where Only the Boys Are
165
The Navy Ends Its Policy of Men Only on Planes
166
Taking to the Air in Antarctica
167
Airplane Spends Fifteen Years Buried in the Snow
169
The Air National Guard Takes Over in Antarctica
170
Polar Flying Is Never Routine
171
A Crevasse Snags an Airplane
172
Antarcticas Weather Is Hard to Forecast
174
Airplanes Rescue Two South Pole Doctors
175
Going to Work in Antarctica
179
Living in the Field Isnt Quite as Comfortable
181
A New Station Is Going Up at the South Pole
182
Travel Requires Attending Happy Campers School
184
How to Find a Job in Antarctica
185
Students and Teachers Head for the Poles
186
Travel to the Polar Regions
187
Polar Regions Are No Longer for Explorers Only
188
The Arctic Is Easiest to Reach in Europe
189
For Remoteness Go to Canadas Eastern Arctic
190
Greenland Hard to Reach but Worth It
191
How to Reach the North Pole Without Sled Dogs
192
Fly to the North Pole and Jump Out
193
Most Tourists Visit the Antarctic Peninsula
194
Flights Give You Antarctica Without a Parka
195
Todays Polar Science
199
Antarctic Skies and Stars
201
A Privileged Few See the Southern Lights
203
Auroras Begin with the Sun
204
Antarcticas Frigid Sky Makes Astronomers Glow
205
Pole Instruments Track FarAway Space Violence
206
AMANDA and IceCube Detect Cosmic Crashes
207
South Pole Telescopes Get the Data
208
Fossil Radiation Cooled and Stretched
209
The Next Big Leap Forward Is a Huge Telescope
210
Scientists Focus on the Arctic
211
Scientific Interest in the Arctic Grows
212
Hunters Help Track Seal with Radio
213
Scientists Need to Understand Heat Budget
214
A Permanent Station Wouldnt Work at North Pole
215
Scientists Sail in Search for Answers
217
Todays Data Will Help Model the Future
218
Fresh Water Will Be a Focus of Arctic Science
219
The Mysteries of Antarctic Ocean Life
221
Life Seems to Be Coping with Ozone Loss
223
All Life Defends Against Ultraviolet Light
224
Unmanned Sub Finds Where Krill Hang Out
225
Adelies Are Picky About Where They Live
226
Ice Is Nice but Enough Is Enough
227
The Mystery of the Cooling Continent Antarctica
229
How Antarctica Turned from Warm to Cold
230
Lava Lake Simmers Atop an Antarctic Mountain
231
Magnetic Poles Shift and Switch
232
Antarctica Hoards History on Ice Under the Ocean
233
OceanBottom Sediments Record the Distant Past
234
Rocks from Outer Space Bombard Antarctica
235
Life in Extreme Environments
237
Scientists Drill into a Frozen Lake
238
Scientist Revives Ancient Life from Ice
239
How the Lake and Its Life Grows
240
Scientists Find Life in Vostok Core
241
Anything in Lake at Least 400000 Years Old
243
Lessons from the Ice
244
The Polar Regions and the Rest of the World
245
Polar Connections with the Rest of the World
247
An Extreme Continent Has Extreme Effects
249
How the Ozone Hole Came About
250
Discovery of Ozone Hole Shocks Scientists
251
How the Ozone Hole Works
252
Oscillations Seen to Make the Climate Go Around
253
Oscillations Can Help Solve Climate Puzzles
255
Ice Tells Climate Stories
257
Reading Ice Cores Is a Complicated Science
259
Ice Cores Offer Records of Past Temperatures
260
All Water Doesnt Weigh the Same
261
Cores from Greenland Agree and Disagree
262
Climate Switches Could Be in Polar Regions
263
Cores Fill In for Unavailable Weather Data
264
Is the Ice Melting?
265
More Than Melting Is Involved in Ice Loss
266
Big Icebergs Part of a Natural Cycle
267
Scientists Have Some Ideas About the Collapse
268
Researchers Wonder About Greenlands Ice
269
Sea Ice Also Seems to Be Changing
270
Sea Ice Increasing in Parts of Southern Ocean
271
Researchers Hope for Help Finding Answers
272
Global Warming and the Polar Regions
275
The Northwest Passage Could Open by MidCentury
277
More to It Than a Shorter Sea Route
278
Ships Would Navigate a Legal Tangle
279
Some Fear Warming Could Slow Ocean Currents
280
The Antarctic Is Less Likely to See Big Changes
281
Polar Regions Will Remain Places for Awe Adventure
282
Glossary
285
The Earths Poles
299
Resources
303
Index
309
Autortiesības

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Par autoru (2003)

Jack Williams, a meteorologist by training, is the chief editor for USA Today.com's weather section and runs the online forum "Ask Jack." He has visited both the Arctic and Antarctica to perform his own research. He is the author of several previous books, including "Hurricane Watch."

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