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Of 4,295 persons employed in the knit-goods and hosiery-manufacturing industry, 52.9 per cent have been in the United States under five years; less than 10 per cent have had a period of residence of from ten to fourteen or from fifteen to nineteen years, and 17.1 and 16 per cent, respectively, have had a period of residence of from five to nine years or twenty years or over. A larger proportion of the males than of the females have been in the United States each specified number of years under ten, while the females show a larger proportion than the males having had each other specified period of residence. Comparing the several races, the most noticeable feature is the large proportion of French Canadians, English, German, and Irish who have been in the United States twenty years or over, and the large proportion of each other race with a period of residence of less than five years.

LOCOMOTIVES- -EAST.

The following table shows, by race, the percentage of foreign-born male employees engaged in locomotive building and repairing in the East who had been in the United States each specified number of

years.

TABLE 35.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race-Locomotives-East.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

(By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The. total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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Of 3,265 foreign-born male employees in this industry for whom information was obtained, 47.2 per cent have been in the United States less than fifteen years and 52.8 per cent fifteen years or over. Of those in the first group, the proportion with a residence of from five to nine is slightly in excess of the proportion with a residence of less than five and considerably in excess of that proportion with a residence of from ten to fourteen years, while in the second group the proportion in the United States twenty years or over, 40.1 per cent, is very largely in excess of the proportion with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years./

With the exception of the French Canadians, the proportions of the older as compared with the more recent immigrant races with a residence of less than five years in the United States are very small. Of the older immigrants employed in this industry who have been in the United States from five to nine years, the proportions range from 16.9 per cent of the Swedes to 3.2 per cent of the English, while of the more recent immigrants the proportions range from 54.6 per cent of the Magyars to 31.6 per cent of the Poles. No very marked differences in the proportions of the various races exist among those who have been in the United States from ten to fourteen and from fifteen to nineteen years. As regards those who have been in the United States twenty years or over, on the other hand, it will be noted that, with the exception of the Poles, 23.5 per cent of whom have been in this country twenty years or over, the proportions of the more recent immigrants, ranging from 5.5 per cent of the Lithuanians to 2.6 per cent of the Russians, are, as compared with the proportions of the older immigrant races, extremely low-the proportions of the last named ranging from 70.7 per cent of the Scotch to 34.7 per cent of the French Canadians.

LOCOMOTIVES-TOTAL.

The table below shows, by race, the percentage of the total number of foreign-born male employees, of locomotive building and repairing establishments, for whom information was secured, who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 36.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race-Industry as a whole.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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Of the 3,299 foreign-born male employees of this industry, concerning whom information was obtained, 16.8 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, 22.2 per cent from five to nine, 8.4 per cent from ten to fourteen, and 12.6 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, while 40 per cent have been in the United States 48296°- -VOL 17-11-5

twenty years or over. Of those who have been in the United States less than five years, the proportions of the more recent immigrant races range from 42.1 per cent of the Russians to 25.5 per cent of the Poles, and the proportions of the older immigrant races range from 28.6 per cent of the French Canadians to 4.3 per cent of the Irish; while of those with a residence of from five to nine years the proportions of the more recent immigrant races range from 54.6 per cent of the Magyars to 31.4 per cent of the Poles, and the proportions of the older immigrant races from 16.3 per cent of the French Canadians to 3.1 per cent of the English. The differences in the proportions of the various races among those with residence of from ten to fourteen and fifteen to nineteen years are in each instance very small. On the other hand, among those with a residence of twenty years or over, the differences are much more marked than in any preceding period of residence group. The largest proportion, or 71.4 per cent, with this period of residence is shown by the Scotch. This proportion, it will be noted, is considerably in excess of that shown by the English, Irish, or Germans, which in turn are considerably in excess of that shown by the Swedes and largely in excess of that shown by the French Canadians, who report 34.7 per cent of their number as having been in the United States twenty years or over. With the exception of the Poles, who show 23.3 per cent with a residence of twenty years or over, the proportions of the other more recent immigrant races are extremely small, ranging as they do from 5.5 per cent of the Lithuanians to 2.5 per cent of the Russians.

PAPER AND WOOD PULP.

The following table shows, by sex and race, the per cent of foreignborn employees engaged in paper and wood-pulp manufacturing, who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 37.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race- -Paper and wood pulp.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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TABLE 37.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race-Paper and wood pulp-Continued.

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The above table shows that, of the 5,620 employees in this industry concerning whom information was obtained, 35.2 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, 19.4 per cent from five to nine, 8.7 per cent from ten to fourteen, 10.6 per cent from fifteen to nineteen, and 26 per cent twenty years or over. The males, it will be noted, show proportions in each period of residence group that vary very slightly from the proportions shown in the total for all employees, while the females show a considerably smaller proportion with a residence of less than five, slightly smaller proportions from five to nine and from ten to fourteen, a slightly larger proportion from fifteen to nineteen years, and a considerably larger proportion with a residence of twenty years or over than the proportions shown for all employees.

As regards the males, it will be noted that the proportions of the older immigrant races who have been in the United States less than ten years range from 34.4 per cent of the Canadian other than French, to 21.9 per cent of the English, while the proportions of the more recent immigrant races, with this period of residence, range from 92.8 per cent of the Magyar to 72.9 per cent of the Slovak. In each instance, however, among the more recent immigrants, the proportions with a

residence of less than five are much larger than the proportions with a residence of from five to nine years. Of those who have been in the United States from ten to fourteen and from fifteen to nineteen years, the Canadians other than French, in the first group and the Swedes in the second group, with 18.6 and 21.7 per cent, respectively, show the largest proportions, while the English, with 2.3 per cent in the first, and the Lithuanians, with 1.9 per cent in the second, show the smallest proportions. Of those males who have been in the United States twenty years or over, the proportions of the older immigrants range from 62.6 of the English to 30.2 of the Canadians other than French, and the proportions of the more recent immigrants from 5.1 per cent of the Slovaks to slightly less than 1 per cent of the Lithuanians.

Considering the females it will be noted that no Germans, as compared with 78.6 per cent of the Lithuanians and 60 per cent of the Poles, have been in the United States less than five years, while the proportions of the others range from 28.6 per cent of the Scotch to 10.9 per cent of the Irish. Among the females who have been in the United States from five to nine, ten to fourteen, and from fifteen to nineteen years, the difference in the proportions of the various races are by no means so marked as among those with a residence of less than five years. No Lithuanians, it will be noted, have been in the United States longer than nine years and no Poles twenty years or over. Of the other females, in this last period of residence, the proportions range from 56.3 per cent of the English to 21.1 per cent of the French Canadians.

The totals shown in the preceding table are but a combination of the proportions of males and females, and are presented so that a comparison may be made of all employees, irrespective of sex, in each period of residence group.

PAPER PRODUCTS.

The following table shows, by sex and race, the percentage of foreign-born employees engaged in the manufacture of paper products who had been in the United States each specified number of years: TABLE 38.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex—Paper products.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad.]

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