TABLE 27.—Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race.-Cars-Middle West.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Information was obtained in this locality for 6,996 foreign-born male employees of this industry, of which number 30.6 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, 22.1 per cent from five to nine, 5 per cent from ten to fourteen, and 11.9 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, while the remaining proportion has been in this country twenty years or over.

As between the older and more recent immigrant races the representatives of which have been in the United States less than five years, it will be noted that the proportions of the former range from 36 per cent of the Scotch to 1.1 per cent of the Canadians other than French, while the proportions of the latter range from 77.8 per cent of the Greeks to 38.6 per cent of the Poles. The differences in proportions among those with a residence of from five to nine, ten to fourteen, and fifteen to nineteen years are by no means so marked as among those with a residence of less than five years, while of those with a residence of twenty years or over, with the exception of the Croatians, Greeks, and Servians, none of whom have been in the United States for this number of years, the proportions of the more recent immigrants range from 17 per cent of the South Italians to 2 per cent of the Lithuanians, and the proportions of the older immigrants range from 76.9 per cent of the French Canadians to 31.6 per cent of the Bohemians and Moravians-the proportion of French Canadians being slightly in excess of that of the Irish, considerably in excess of that of the Canadians other than French, English, German, or Norwegians, and very largely in excess of the proportion shown by the Scotch, Swedes, Danes, or Dutch, in the order named. It

will be further noted from the preceding table that no Scotch or Servians, and only a very small proportion of each of the other races, have been in the United States from ten to fourteen years, the Slovaks showing the largest proportion, or 10.2 per cent.

The following table shows, by race, the per cent of the total number of foreign-born male employees engaged in car building and repairing who had been in the United States each specified number of years:

TABLE 28.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race-Industry as a whole.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 12,006 foreign-born male employees in this entire industry for whom information was obtained, 32.4 per cent have been in the United States less than five, 23.6 per cent from five to nine, 6 per cent from ten to fourteen, and 10.5 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, while 27.5 per cent have been in this country twenty years

or over.

Considering those employees with a residence of less than five years, it will be noted that among the older immigrants the proportions range from 24.9 per cent of the Scotch to 1.9 per cent of the French Canadians, while of the more recent immigrants the proportions range from 68.8 per cent of the Greeks to 36.8 per cent of the Poles. Among the older immigrants with a residence of from

five to nine years, the largest proportion, or 28.6 per cent, is shown by the Bohemians and Moravians and the smallest proportions, or 7.3 per cent, is shown by the Canadians other than French, while the largest and smallest proportions, 39.2 and 26.1 per cent, among the more recent immigrants are shown by the Slovenians and Greeks, respectively. With the exception of the Lithuanians, Slovaks, and Ruthenians, reporting 11.2, 11, and 10.5 per cent respectively, no race shows a proportion equal to 10 per cent with a residence of from ten to fourteen years. Of those with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years, the largest proportion, or 26.6 per cent, is shown by the Dutch and the smallest proportion, or 1.6 per cent, by the Servians. The proportion of the Dutch, it will be noted, is only slightly in excess of that shown by the Danes or Canadians other than French, while the proportions of the other races not specified above range from 16.9 per cent of the Swedes to 1.9 per cent of the Greeks. No Croatians, Greeks, or Servians, and, as compared with the proportions of the older immigrants only very small proportions of the more recent immigrants have been in the United States twenty years or over. Of the older immigrants with this period of residence, the proportions range from 77.8 per cent of the French Canadians to 31.1 per cent of the Bohemians and Moravians, while of the more recent immigrants the proportions range from 15.2 per cent of the Poles to 0.9 per cent of the Ruthenians.

CUTLERY AND TOOLS.

The following table shows, by race, the percentage of foreign-born male employees engaged in cutlery and tool manufacturing, who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 29.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race-Cutlery and tools.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 521 foreign-born male employees shown in the above table, 30.9 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 21.7 per cent from five to nine years, 8.8 per cent from ten to fourteen years, 11.9 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, and 26.7 per cent have been in this country twenty years or over. The Armenians show a considerably higher percentage who have been in the United States under five and from five to nine years than do the Germans or

Swedes. The Swedes show the highest percentage with a residence of from ten to fourteen years as contrasted with no Armenians who have been in this country for the above period of time. The Swedes show the highest percentage with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years, followed by the Germans and Armenians in the order named. The Swedes and Germans each show 36.4 per cent as contrasted with only 3.6 per cent of the Armenians who have been in the United States twenty years or over.

ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES.

The table next presented shows, by sex and race, the percentage of foreign-born employees engaged in the manufacture of electrical supplies who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 30.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race-Electrical supplies.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The table, however, is for all foreign-born.]

TABLE 30.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States each specified number of years, by sex and race-Electrical supplies-Continued.

Of 3,765 foreign-born employees shown in the above table, 30.5 per cent have been in the United States under five years, 26 per cent have a residence of from five to nine years, 7.6 per cent have been in this country ten years or over, 12.3 per cent from fifteen to nineteen years, and 23.6 per cent have been in the United States twenty years or over. Of the foreign-born employees who have been in the United States under five years, the Roumanians report 70.1 per cent, followed by the Greeks, Russians, Poles, Croatians, and Magyars, in the order named, all showing over 40 per cent who have been in the United States the above specified period of time. In this group, the Germans, Irish, and Swedes show less than 20 per cent. Of the employees who have been in the United States from five to nine years, the Magyars report the highest percentage, followed by the Bohemians and Moravians, the Slovaks, the Croatians, and the Greeks, showing over 30 per cent, while the Irish, Scotch, and English show considerably less than 20 per cent who have been in the United States from five to nine years.

Of the foreign-born employees who have been in the United States from ten to fourteen years, the Canadians (other than French) show the highest percentage, and the Greeks and Armenians the lowest percentage. Of those with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years, the Swedes show the highest percentage and the Greeks and Roumanians the lowest percentage. Of the employees who have been in the United States twenty years or over, the English, Irish, and Scotch show 50.9 per cent, 50 per cent, and 42.1 per cent, respectively. The Russians, Croatians, and Magyars show 3.7 per cent, 3 per cent, and 2.8 per cent, respectively, while none of the Greeks have been in the United States for this period of time. A larger percentage of the male employees than of the female employees have been in the United States from five to nine years and twenty years or over, while the percentage of the female employees in each of the other periods of residence is larger than that of the males.