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from 77.7 per cent for the families the heads of which are Slovenians, to 55.7 per cent for the families the heads of which are Irish, while the proportion from the earnings of wife range from 8.7 per cent for the families the heads of which are Ruthenians to none for the families the heads of which are Hebrew or Polish. The children of the families the heads of which are Irish contribute 31.6 per cent, while the children of the families the heads of which are Ruthenians contribute 5.4 per cent of the total income, the proportion of the total income contributed by the children of the families the heads of which are of each other given race ranging from 25.7 per cent for the Slovaks to 7.8 per cent for the Lithuanians and Magyars, each. The families the heads of which are Lithuanians show the largest and the families the heads of which are Scotch the smallest proportion of their total yearly income from the payments of boarders or lodgers. The families the heads of which are of each specified race, except Hebrew, have a certain proportion of their yearly income from sources not specified in this table, the proportions ranging from 15.1 per cent for the Pole to less than 1 per cent for the Lithuanian or Slovenian.

CHAPTER IV.

WORKING CONDITIONS.

Regularity of employment-The immigrant and organized labor-[Text Tables 340 to 342 and General Table 254].

REGULARITY OF EMPLOYMENT.

The table which immediately follows shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the months worked during the past year by males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over and who were employed away from home.

TABLE 340.- Months worked during the past year by males 16 years of age or over employed away from home, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of the males 16 years of age or over for whom information was secured, 98.9 per cent worked three months or over during the past year, 97 per cent worked six months or over, 78.3 per cent worked nine months or over, and 47.5 per cent worked twelve months. The proportion of males who worked twelve months and nine months or over, respectively, is considerably larger for the native-born of foreign father than for the foreign-born. Of the foreign-born, the Irish, Ruthenians, and Bohemians and Moravians, in the order mentioned, have the largest and the Magyars and Slovenians the smallest proportion of males who worked twelve months and the Bohemians and Moravians, Irish, Hebrews, and Lithuanians have the largest

and the Poles and South Italians the smallest proportion of males who worked nine months or over during the year.

In the table below the months worked during the past year by females in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over and who were employed away from home are shown according to general nativity and race of individual.

TABLE 341.-Months worked during the past year by females 16 years of age or over employed away from home, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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The preceding table shows that of 188 females 16 years of age or over who reported complete data, 79.8 per cent worked twelve months, 90.4 per cent worked nine months or over, 96.3 per cent worked six months or over, and 98.4 per cent worked three months or over during the past year. The foreign-born females show a considerably higher percentage than the females who are nativeborn of foreign father who worked the full year; the females who are native-born of foreign father show a considerably higher percentage than those of foreign birth who worked nine months or over. The females who are native-born of foreign father also show 100 per cent who worked six months or over and three months or over as contrasted with somewhat smaller proportions of the foreignborn females who worked for this length of time.

THE IMMIGRANT AND ORGANIZED LABOR.

The smallness of the extent to which the immigrant wage-earners are members of labor organizations is set forth in the table following, which shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the affiliation with trade unions of males in the households studied who were 21 years of age or over and who were working for wages.

TABLE 342.-Affiliation with trade unions of males 21 years of age or over who are working for wages, by general nativity and race of individual.

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In this locality only 4.3 per cent of the males for whom information was secured are affiliated with trade unions. The proportion of males affiliated with trade unions is much larger for the native-born of foreign father than for the foreign-born. Of the foreign-born, the Scotch and Irish, in the order mentioned, have by far the largest proportion of males who are affiliated with trade unions.

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